Synthesis and Characterization of New Tin(IV) Iodophosphosilicate Cation Exchanger

Kumar, Virendra; Shukla, I. C.

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2017.20252

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…Infrared spectra of zeolites in the 1300-400 cm −1 region generally consist of two vibration classes: (i) originating from the internal vibration of the TO 4 tetrahedron framework, which are the primary structural units in zeolite frameworks, and (ii) vibrations arising from the external connection between tetrahedral units sensitive to the framework structure and the presence of secondary structural units, the building blocks of polyhedral such as rings and pores. Characteristic FTIR bands of zeolites are given in Table 7 (Suresh Kumar 2007).…”

Section: Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symmetric stretching modes in the lower spectral region of 720-650 cm −1 shift to the higher region of 820-750 cm −1 with the inclusion of a tetrahedral stretch. The weak absorption bands at 650 cm −1 are due to the interaction between the alumina tetrahedra and Al 3+ in the zeolite structure, and the splitting state of the peak in this region indicates that there is high O-Si-O in the structure (Suresh Kumar 2007;Tabassum et al 2018).…”

Section: Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the bands at 3660 cm −1 correspond to OH groups associated with extra Al species in the cage, it is stated that the band at 3690 cm − 1 corresponds to the Al-OH type, and the OH band around 3740 cm −1 may result from blocked OH groups on the zeolite surface. The OH band around 3650 cm −1 originates from non-acidic OH groups attached to [AlO] + species in most cases, and the OH band aroundlite − 1 types have similar spectral properties, such as the internal tetrahedral mode, which is less sensitive to change in lattice structures, some structural differences can still be observed (Fan et al 2012;Suresh Kumar 2007).…”

Section: Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of zeolite from industrial wastes: a review on characterization and heavy metal and dye removal

Eren,

Türk,

Arslanoğlu

2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Increasing world population, urbanization, and industrialization have led to an increase in demand in production and consumption, resulting in an increase in industrial solid wastes and pollutant levels in water. These two main consequences have become global problems. The high Si and Al content of solid wastes suggests that they can be used as raw materials for the synthesis of zeolites. In this context, when the literature studies conducted to obtain synthetic zeolites are evaluated, it is seen that hydrothermal synthesis method is generally used. In order to improve the performance of the hydrothermal synthesis method in terms of energy cost, synthesis time, and even product quality, additional methods such as alkaline fusion, ultrasonic effect, and microwave support have been developed. The zeolites synthesized by different techniques exhibit superior properties such as high surface area and well-defined pore sizes, thermal stability, high cation exchange capacity, high regeneration ability, and catalytic activity. Due to these specific properties, zeolites are recognized as one of the most effective methods for the removal of pollutants. The toxic properties of heavy metals and dyes in water and their carcinogenic effects in long-term exposure pose a serious risk to living organisms. Therefore, they should be treated at specified levels before discharge to the environment. In this review study, processes including different methods developed for the production of zeolites from industrial solid wastes were evaluated. Studies using synthetic zeolites for the removal of high levels of health and environmental risks such as heavy metals and dyes are reviewed. In addition, EPMA, SEM, EDX, FTIR, BET, AFM, and 29Si and 27Al NMR techniques, which are characterization methods of synthetic zeolites, are presented and the cation exchange capacity, thermodynamics of adsorption, effect of temperature, and pH are investigated. It is expected that energy consumption can be reduced by large-scale applications of alternative techniques developed for zeolite synthesis and their introduction into the industry. It is envisaged that zeolites synthesized by utilizing wastes will be effective in obtaining a green technology. The use of synthesized zeolites in a wide variety of applications, especially in environmental problems, holds great promise. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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