Synthesis and characterization of new acid-activated red mud-metakaolin geopolymers and comparison with their alkaline counterparts

Occhicone, Alessio; Graziuso, Stanislao Giorgio; De Gregorio, Emmanuel; Montagnaro, Fabio; Ricciotti, Laura; Tarallo, Oreste; Roviello, Giuseppina; Ferone, Claudio

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140492

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The strength of this material was higher than that of the reference material by about 63%. In addition, only for this sample, the compressive strength exceeded 1 MPa, which means that it met the requirements of the JC/T2200-2013 [43] standard defining acceptable compressive strengths of foam insulation panels made of ordinary Portland cement [5]. The sample with a 20 wt.% addition of basalt powder had the lowest strength.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…This process leads to the formation of a three-dimensional polymer network, which provides the structure of the material [4]. Geopolymer foams are used in a variety of construction applications, including as insulation materials, structural materials, and civil engineering [5]. Geopolymer foams are typically lightweight, which makes them attractive for lightweight applications such as thermal insulation and lightweight structural components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of the Addition of Basalt Powder on the Properties of Foamed Geopolymers

Łach,

Kozub,

Bednarz

et al. 2024

Materials

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Geopolymers are binder materials that are produced by a chemical reaction between silica or aluminum compounds with an alkaline activating solution. Foamed geopolymer materials are increasingly being cited as a viable alternative to popular organic insulation materials. Since the foaming process of geopolymers is difficult to control, and any achievements in improving the performance of such materials are extremely beneficial, this paper presents the effect of the addition of basalt powder on the properties of foamed geopolymers. This paper presents the results of physicochemical studies of fly ash and basalt, as well as mechanical properties, thermal properties, and structure analysis of the finished foams. The scope of the tests included density tests, compressive strength tests, tests of the thermal conductivity coefficient using a plating apparatus, as well as microstructure tests through observations using light and scanning microscopy. Ground basalt was introduced in amounts ranging from 0 to 20% by mass. It was observed that the addition of basalt powder contributes to a reduction in and spheroidization of pores, which directly affect the density and pore morphology of the materials tested. The highest density of 357.3 kg/m3 was characterized by samples with a 5 wt.% basalt powder addition. Their density was 14% higher than the reference sample without basalt powder addition. Samples with 20 wt.% basalt addition had the lowest density, and the density averaged 307.4 kg/m3. Additionally, for the sample containing 5 wt.% basalt powder, the compressive strength exceeded 1.4 MPa, and the thermal conductivity coefficient was 0.1108 W/m × K. The effect of basalt powder in geopolymer foams can vary depending on many factors, such as its chemical composition, grain size, content, and physical properties. The addition of basalt above 10% causes a decrease in the significant properties of the geopolymer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Addition of Basalt Powder on the Properties of Foamed Geopolymers

Łach,

Kozub,

Bednarz

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…The main components of RM are SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, Fe 2 O 3 , etc., which is an insoluble residue [87,88]. RM has a high water content and contains alkali, heavy metals, and other harmful components; the pH value can reach more than 11, with strong alkalinity, causing a serious impact on the environment and ecology [22,89,90]. The high soluble alkalinity of red mud makes it difficult to sinter into a strong building material, which is the biggest obstacle to its recycling [91].…”

Section: Red Mudmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mini Review on Sewage Sludge and Red Mud Recycling for Thermal Energy Storage

Xiong,

Zhang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Energies

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Sewage sludge and red mud, as common industrial waste, have become a research hotspot in the field of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, reducing carbon emissions, and solving environmental problems. However, their treatment and disposal have always been a difficult problem in the environmental field. Utilizing these two materials for thermal energy storage can not only improve energy utilization efficiency but also further reduce carbon emissions during their treatment process, providing a new approach for sustainable development in the industrial sector. This article summarizes the research progress for the resource recovery of sewage sludge and red mud for direct thermal energy recovery and composite phase change energy storage. After proper treatment, sludge and red mud can be directly used as energy storage materials. In addition, sludge and red mud can be combined with phase change materials to prepare composite materials with an excellent energy storage performance. This composite has broad application prospects in fields such as solar energy utilization and building energy efficiency. However, there are still some challenges and issues in this resource recovery and utilization, such as potential environmental pollution during the treatment process, the long-term stability of energy storage materials, and cost-effectiveness, which require further research and resolution. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potential of sewage sludge and red mud as energy storage materials, to explore their feasibility and advantages in practical applications, and to reveal the research progress, technical challenges, and future development directions of these two materials in the field of thermal energy storage.

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“…Miyan et al [29] discovered that incorporating recycled waste concrete powder consistently decreased the carbon emissions, cumulative energy demand, and cost of the resulting geopolymer mixes. Additionally, Occhicone et al [30] emphasized the need for the use of LCA and life cycle costing analyses along with the structural analysis for geopolymer binders. These analyses provide valuable insights into the environmental impacts and cost-effectiveness of geopolymer materials, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach in evaluating their suitability for future construction applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Techno-Eco-Efficiency of Waste Clay Brick Powder (WCBP) in Geopolymer Binders

Sharmin,

Biswas,

Sarker

2024

Buildings

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The global focus on geopolymer binder production has increased due to the adoption of waste materials and industrial byproducts. Given the gradual decline in the availability of fly ash and ground granular blast furnace slag (GGBFS) resulting from the decarbonization process in electricity and steel production, waste clay brick powder (WCBP) could be a viable substitute for these pozzolanic by-products. This study presents the economic and environmental benefits of the use of WCBP as a replacement for conventional pozzolanic by-products in geopolymer binder production by assessing its techno-eco-efficiency, environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness performances. The favorable mechanical characteristics exhibited by the fly ash–GGBFS–WCBP-based geopolymer binder emphasize the importance of assessing its sustainability alongside its technical viability. The study employed life cycle analysis (LCA), following ISO framework, and using the Simapro software 9.2, to evaluate the environmental implications of the use of WCBP-based geopolymer mixtures. Human toxicity emerged as the primary impact. Moreover, the analysis of life cycle costs highlighted key financial factors, with around 65–70% attributed to alkaline activators of the total cost. The production of alkaline activators was identified as a critical point for both environmental impact and economic considerations due to energy consumption. While WCBP-rich samples exhibit a 1.7–0.7% higher environmental impact compared to the control mix (CM), their high mechanical strength and cost-effectiveness make them technologically and economically efficient geopolymer mixes. In conclusion, the portfolio analysis for techno-eco-efficiency affirms that mixes containing 40%, 30%, and 20% WCBP are more efficient than those using 10% and 0% WCBP, respectively.

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Synthesis and characterization of new acid-activated red mud-metakaolin geopolymers and comparison with their alkaline counterparts

Cited by 11 publications

References 63 publications

The Influence of the Addition of Basalt Powder on the Properties of Foamed Geopolymers

The Influence of the Addition of Basalt Powder on the Properties of Foamed Geopolymers

A Mini Review on Sewage Sludge and Red Mud Recycling for Thermal Energy Storage

Evaluating Techno-Eco-Efficiency of Waste Clay Brick Powder (WCBP) in Geopolymer Binders

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