Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous NiSi-Si Composite Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Liu, Wei‐Ren; Wu, Nae‐Lih; Shieh, Deng-Tswen; Wu, Hung-Chun; Mo-hua, Yang; Korepp, Christiane; Besenhard, Jürgen; Winter, Martin

doi:10.1149/1.2402106

Cited by 89 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Cycle-life enhancement has also been reported for SiO/C composite prepared by ball-milling and high-temperature pyrolysis that leads to extensive disproportionation of SiO into Si and SiO 2 [15]. New design of material structure and composition may pave the way to further enhancement in cycling performance [8,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Nano-porous SiO/carbon composite anode for lithium-ion batteries

Liu

Yen

et al. 2009

J Appl Electrochem

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Carbon-coating of sub-lm SiO particles (d max = 0.36 lm, d 50 = 0.69 lm) by a fluidized-bed chemical-vapor-deposition process has produced unique nano-porous SiO/C secondary particles within which the SiO primary particles are ''glued'' together by carbon to form a network that possesses randomly distributed pores with sizes in the nano-meter range and a bulk porosity of [30%. Upon lithiation/delithiation cycling in an organic Li-ion electrolyte, the electrode made of the SiO/C particles exhibited reduced polarization, smaller irreversible electrode expansion, and remarkably enhanced cycling performance, as compared with that of pristine SiO particles. The reduced electrode expansion exhibited by the SiO/ C electrode can be attributed to the combination of diluted SiO content and presence of pre-set voids, which could partially accommodate volume expansion arising from lithiation of the SiO primary particles. These effects render the SiO/C electrode structurally more robust than the SiO electrode against volumetric variations upon cycling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Among them, Si and Si-containing compounds are of great interest [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], owing to their large potential specific capacities, low cost and environment-benign nature. In spite of these advantages, all these anode materials suffer from serious volumetric expansion and contraction during charge/discharge (C/D) cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-porous SiO/carbon composite anode for lithium-ion batteries

Liu

Yen

et al. 2009

J Appl Electrochem

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“…Coating these particles may lead to a heterogeneous coverage with SiO x and carbon, as the particles may not be perfectly dispersed during the HTC process. In these agglomerates the particles are entangled, therefore it can be observed that some silicon nanoparticles have thicker carbon coatings (Figure 2b,c) than others ( Figure 2d). In Figure 2d it is apparent that the carbon coating is thin and consists of one to three grapheme layers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Superior Storage Performance of a Si@SiO_x/C Nanocomposite as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2008

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Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are essential to portable electronic devices. Owing to the rapid development of such equipment there is an increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and long cycle life. For high energy density, the electrode materials in the lithium-ion batteries must possess high specific storage capacity and coulombic efficiency. Graphite and LiCoO 2 are normally used and have high coulombic efficiencies (typically >90%) but rather low capacities (372 and 145 mAhg -1 , respectively). [1][2][3][4][5] Various anode materials with improved storage capacity and thermal stability have been proposed for lithium-ion batteries in the last decade. Among these, silicon has attracted great interest as a candidate to replace commercial graphite materials owing to its numerous appealing features: it has the highest theoretical capacity (Li 4.4 Siº4200 mAhg ) of all known materials, and is abundant, inexpensive, and safer than graphite (it shows a slightly higher voltage plateau than that of graphite as shown in Figure S1, and lithiated silicon is more stable in typical electrolytes than lithiated graphite [6]).The practical use of Si powders as a negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries is, however, still hindered by two major problems: the low intrinsic electric conductivity and severe volume changes during Li insertion/extraction processes, leading to poor cycling performance. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Tremendous efforts have been made to overcome these problems by decreasing the particle size, [7, 8a,b] using silicon-based thin films and silicon-metal alloys, [9,10, 20] dispersing silicon into an inactive/ active matrix, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and coating with carbon as well as using different electrolyte systems. [15, 20] In these approaches a variety of composites of active and inactive materials have been widely exploited in which the inactive component plays a structural buffering role to minimize the mechanical stress induced by huge volume change of active silicon, thus preventing the deterioration of the electrode integrity. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Recent work has demonstrated that anodes made of silicon/ carbon composites can combine the advantageous properties of carbon (long cycle life) and silicon (high lithium-storage capacity) to improve the overall electrochemical performance of the anode for lithium-ion batteries. [8c,9b, 11-13,15-17] In contrast to these rather complicated high-temperature processes we report here a new, simple, and green methodology for the simultaneous coating of preformed silicon nanoparticles in a one-step procedure with a thin layer of SiO x and carbon by the hydrothermal carbonization of glucose. This Si@SiO x /C nanocomposite with a typical core/shell structure, which was further modified by electrochemical in situ generation of a passivated layer, shows remarkably improved lithium-storage performance in terms of high reversible lithium-storage capacity (º1100 mAhg -1 ), ex...

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“…When made by sputtering or ball milling, such alloys typically form active Si / inactive matrix nanostructured composites, where the inactive matrix comprises a transition metal silicide. 3,7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Although transition metal silicides are theoretically active with lithium from a thermodynamic basis, 10 most have been found to be completely inactive or have very limited capacity at room temperature. 3,[12][13][14][15][16][17] For instance, Fleischauer et al used a model based on effective heats of formation to explain the capacity behavior of (Fe, Mn, Cr+Ni, Co)-Si alloys.…”

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Ni_xSi_1-xAlloys Prepared by Mechanical Milling as Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Ellis

Dunlap

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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NixSi1-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5, Δx = 0.05) alloys were prepared by ball milling and studied as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Nanocrystalline Si/NiSi2 phases were formed for x ≤ 0.25. The NiSi phase was observed for samples with higher Ni content. Increasing the Ni content was found to gradually lower the lithiation voltage, while delithiation voltage was not affected for x ≤ 0.25. As a result, Li15Si4 did not form during cycling for x > 0.15. The capacity trend of NixSi1-x alloys with composition suggested that the nanocrystalline NiSi2 phase had some activity toward Li, while the NiSi phase had no capacity toward Li. In situ XRD studies confirmed the activity of nanocrystalline NiSi2. The best cycling performance of NixSi1-x alloys was obtained for x = 0.20 with 94% capacity retention after 50 cycles.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous NiSi-Si Composite Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 89 publications

References 17 publications

Nano-porous SiO/carbon composite anode for lithium-ion batteries

Nano-porous SiO/carbon composite anode for lithium-ion batteries

Superior Storage Performance of a Si@SiO_x/C Nanocomposite as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Ni_xSi_1-xAlloys Prepared by Mechanical Milling as Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

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Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous NiSi-Si Composite Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 89 publications

References 17 publications

Nano-porous SiO/carbon composite anode for lithium-ion batteries

Nano-porous SiO/carbon composite anode for lithium-ion batteries

Superior Storage Performance of a Si@SiOx/C Nanocomposite as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

NixSi1-xAlloys Prepared by Mechanical Milling as Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

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Superior Storage Performance of a Si@SiO_x/C Nanocomposite as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Ni_xSi_1-xAlloys Prepared by Mechanical Milling as Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries