Synthesis and characterization of multifunctional polymers via atom transfer radical polymerization of N‐(ω′‐alkylcarbazolyl) methacrylates initiated by Ru(II) polypyridyl chromophores

Abstract

A series of poly(N‐(ω′‐alkylcarbazoly) methacrylates) tris(bipyridine) Ru‐centered bifunctional polymers with good filming, thermal, and solubility properties were synthesized and characterized. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of N‐(ω′‐alkylcarbazoly) methacrylates in solution was used, where Ru complexes with one and three initiating sites acted as metalloinitiators with NiBr2(PPh3)2 as a catalyst. ATRP reaction conditions with respect to polymer molecular weights and polydispersity indices (PDI) of the target bifunctional polymers were examined. Electronic absorption and emission spectra of the resultant functional polymers provided evidence of chromophore presence within a single polymeric chain. The thermal properties of all polymers were also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and these analyses have indicated that these polymers possess higher thermal stabilities than poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) obtained via free radical polymerization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 6057–6072, 2005

Side‐chain functionalized polymers containing bipyridine coordination sites: Polymerization and metal‐coordination studies

“…The resulting multidentate nitrogen‐donor ligand‐based metal complexes have a large number of potential applications. For example, Ru(bpy) complexes have been studied widely for potential uses as solar energy converters,17 light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs),18 luminescent and electroluminescent materials,19 nonlinear optical devices,20 and organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) 21. The incorporation of such complexes onto a polymer backbone improves processability and allows for the formation of materials in thin films 22.…”

Copolymers Containing Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Obtained by Free and Controlled Radical Polymerization Techniques

“…The methacrylate‐functionalized carbazole monomer II (Scheme ) was synthesized following known procedures 19–21. For more details regarding the synthesis and analysis, see the Supporting Information.…”

“…All reactions dealing with IrCl 3 × 3 H 2 O or Ir‐complexes have been conducted under a nitrogen atmosphere. The precursor complex 4 and the carbazole derivative II have been synthesized following literature procedures 18–21. The synthesis of the methacrylate functionalized ancillary ligand 3 was accomplished in two steps adapting literature procedures 22, 23.…”

Neutral state colorless electrochromic polymer networks: Spacer effect on electrochromic performance

“…N-(2 0 -Hydroxyethyl) carbazole (HEC) was synthesized according to published procedures [41] Fig. S2 in Supporting information).…”