Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Mg- and Sr-Doped Nanoparticles for Moxifloxacin Drug Delivery in Promising Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

Mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles (MSNs) are considered promising drug carriers because of their ordered pore structure, which permits high drug loading and release capacity. The dissolution of Si and Ca from MSNs can trigger osteogenic differentiation of stem cells towards extracellular matrix calcification, while Mg and Sr constitute key elements of bone biology and metabolism. The aim of this study was the synthesis and characterization of sol–gel-derived MSNs co-doped with Ca, Mg and Sr. Their physico-chemical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Brunauer Emmett Teller and Brunauer Joyner Halenda (BET/BJH), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ζ-potential measurements. Moxifloxacin loading and release profiles were assessed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) cell viability on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and their hemolytic activity in contact with human red blood cells (RBCs) at various concentrations were also investigated. Doped MSNs generally retained their textural characteristics, while different compositions affected particle size, hemolytic activity and moxifloxacin loading/release profiles. All co-doped MSNs revealed the formation of hydroxycarbonate apatite on their surface after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) and promoted mitochondrial activity and cell proliferation.

Effect of Artemisinin-Loaded Mesoporous Cerium-Doped Calcium Silicate Nanopowder on Cell Proliferation of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

“…The incorporation of Ca led to stronger network connectivity compared to Si-NP, indicated by the decrease in the shoulder around 960 cm −1 , while the addition of Ce led to a further reduction in the shoulder. Thus, it is concluded that Ca and Ce behave as network modifiers [ 31 ].…”

“…Highly bioactive glasses are able to elicit a biological response at their surface that leads to the formation of a bond with the tissues when they are soaked in human plasma [ 61 ]. As mentioned before, there is a relation between the percentage and kind of Si–O–NBO of the pristine material and the formation of silica-gel and Ca-P layers [ 31 ]. Bioactive glasses containing a high amount of NBO in the glass network present favorable ion exchange conditions, important for the formation of silanol (Si–OH) groups, the subsequent condensation of the SiO 2 layer and the formation HCAp on their surface [ 31 ].…”

“…Ion doping with cerium in the investigated calcium silicate system induces a protective effect in an erythrocyte membrane in comparison with pure silica. The doping of silica nanoparticles with various ions such as Ca, Mg and Cu can improve their performance and further improve the interaction with human cells [ 31 , 62 ]. Regarding the artemisinin-loaded NPs, all the tested concentrations of the ion-doped loaded NPs appeared with a 100% hemocompatibility, indicating the beneficial role of artemisinin in porous materials, increasing their properties of compatibility in terms of cell viability.…”

“…Lu et al [ 29 ] reported that the dual-controlled release of chlorhexidine and silver ions from biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles was effective against S. mutans, suggesting their potential use as nanoantiseptics for oral biofilm therapies. In different applications, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles containing SiO 2 , CaO and P 2 O 5 have shown odontogenic and dentin regenerative potential in vitro, suggesting their use for the pulp-dentin complex regeneration [ 30 ], while bioactive silica-based MSNs doped with Ca, Mg and Sr can significantly increase human periodontal ligament fibroblasts’ (hPDLFs) proliferation, and could be used for periodontal ligament regeneration strategies [ 31 ]. Apart from mesoporous nanomaterials, the development of bioactive nanostructured bioceramics that combine mesoporous textural features with an apatite forming ability is a promising strategy for the local administration of substances to treat different pathologies of bony tissue such as infection, osteoporosis and even regeneration [ 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Effect of Silica Based Nanoparticles against Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania infantum parasites

“…All samples were dried at 75 • C for 2 days and calcinated in different temperatures (Table 1). The synthesis of silica-based mesoporous nanocarriers (100% mol SiO 2 ) (mSbN), was performed through a modified sol-gel method, as described before [13]. The cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as the agent for the mesoporous structure.…”