Synthesis and Characterization of Mechanically Alloyed Nanostructured (Ti,Cr)C Carbide for Cutting Tools Application

Mhadhbi, Mohsen; Polkowski, Wojciech

doi:10.3390/cryst12091280

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…We can infer from these MA settings that the formation of Ti 0.9 Cr 0.1 C is fully complete after 5 h of milling and that, thereafter, an increase in milling time beyond 5 h results in particle refinement with the preservation of the nanometric scale. It is interesting to note that the cell parameter and crystallite size obtained here for the composition (Ti 0.9 Cr 0.1 )C are very close to that of the composition (Ti 0.8 Cr 0.2 )C reported in our previous work [5]. The cell parameter decreases from 4.321 to 4.249 Å, and the crystallite size decreases from 22 to 11 nm when the ball milling time increases from 5 to 20 h.…”

Section: Characterization Of Bulk Samples Prepared Via Spssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Nanocrystalline (Ti,Cr)C powders were obtained according to the preparation method described in our previous work [5]. Briefly, nanocrystalline powders were produced by mechanical alloying process from the elements Ti, C, and Cr.…”

Section: Preparation Of (Ticr)c Carbides Using Mechanical Alloying An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to its wear resistance, corrosion resistance, higher-temperature stability, and high hardness in comparison to TiC, titanium chromium carbide (Ti,Cr)C is considered as a promising wear-resistant material [2][3][4]. In a prior paper [5], we investigated how milling affected the structural and microstructural evolution of (Ti,Cr)C nano-carbide. Chuev and Covalev [6] have studied the impact of titanium's high-energy ball milling on the ratio of TiCX under reaction-diffusion in the Ti and C system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manufacturing of Novel Nanostructured TiCrC Carbides Using Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

Mhadhbi¹,

Dağ

Avar

et al. 2023

Metals

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Dense nanostructured carbides existing in ternary system Ti-Cr-C were elaborated thanks to a two-steps method. In the first step, nanostructured Ti0.9Cr0.1C carbides were prepared by high-energy planetary ball milling under various times (5, 10, and 20 h), starting from an elemental powder mixture of titanium, chromium, and graphite. In the second step, these nanostructured powders were used to produce densified carbides thanks to the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process under a pressure of 80 MPa. The temperature was fixed at 1800 °C and the holding time was fixed at 5 min. Microstructural characteristics of the samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to investigate the morphology and elemental composition of the samples obtained using SPS. The novelty of this work is to understand the effect of SPS on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of the nanostructured Ti0.9Cr0.1C carbides. The XRD results showed that, during sintering process, the (Ti,Cr)C carbide was decomposed into TiC, Cr7C3, and Cr3C2 phases. An amount of iron was detected as contamination during milling, especially in the case of a sample obtained from 20 h milled carbide. The bulk obtained from the milled powders for 5 and 20 h present similar relative densities of 98.43 and 98.51%, respectively. However, the 5 h milled sample shows slightly higher hardness (93.3 HRA compared to 91.5 HRA) because of the more homogeneous distribution of the (Ti,Cr)C phases and the low iron amount. According to the 0.0011 mm/year corrosion rate and 371.68 kΩ.cm2 charge transfer resistance obtained from the potentiodynamic polarization and EIS tests, the 20 h carbide was the specimen with the highest corrosion resistance.

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Section: Characterization Of Bulk Samples Prepared Via Spssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Preparation Of (Ticr)c Carbides Using Mechanical Alloying An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manufacturing of Novel Nanostructured TiCrC Carbides Using Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

Mhadhbi¹,

Dağ

Avar

et al. 2023

Metals

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“…In a prior paper [5], we investigated how milling affected the structural and microstructural evolution of (Ti,Cr)C nano-carbide. Chuev and Covalev [6] have looked into the impact of titanium's high-energy ball milling on the ratio of TiCX under reaction-diffusion in the Ti and C system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spark Plasma Sintering of Nanostructured TiCrC Carbides Prepared via Mechanical Alloying

Mhadhbi¹,

Dağ²,

Avar³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In order to produce nanostructured Ti0.9Cr0.1C powders, an elemental powder mixture of titanium, chromium, and graphite is milled in this work using a high-energy ball mill for various milling times. Microstructural characteristics such as crystallite size, microstrain, lattice parameter, and dislocation density are determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical alloying successfully produced nanocrystalline (Ti,Cr)C with an average crystallite size of 11 nm. This size of the crystallites is also directly verified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of the samples. The novelty of this work is advancing the scientific understanding of the effect of milling time on the particle size distribution and crystalline structure, and also understanding the effect of the spark plasma sintering on the different properties of the bulks. Densified cermet samples were produced from the nanocrystalline powders, milled for 5, 10 and 20 hours by SPS process at 1800 degrees for 5 min under a pressure of 80 MPa. Phase changes of the produced cermets were examined according to XRD, SEM/EDX analyses. Significant amounts of Cr and Fe elements were detected, especially in the 20 h milled cermet. The bulk forms of the milled powders for 5 and 20 h had a relative density of 98.43 and 98.51 %, respectively. However, 5 h milled cermet had 93.3 HRA because of the more homogeneous distribution of the (Ti,Cr)C phase, the low iron content and high relative density. According to the 0.0011 mm/year corrosion rate, and 371.68 kΩ*cm2 charge transfer resistance obtained from the potentiodynamic polarization and EIS tests, the 20 h cermet was the specimen with the highest corrosion resistance.

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“…Steels and iron-based alloys [2-9]; • Non-ferrous alloys with fcc-(Ni- [10,11] and Cu-based [12][13][14]), or hcp crystal structure (Mg- [15,16] and Ti-based [17,18]). Other examples include Zirconium [19], Bi-Sn alloy [20] or polycarbonate resins [21]; • Multicomponent and high-entropy alloys [22][23][24]; • General theoretical studies on crystal plasticity [25][26][27].…”

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confidence: 99%

Crystal Plasticity (Volume II)

Polkowski

2022

Crystals

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Synthesis and Characterization of Mechanically Alloyed Nanostructured (Ti,Cr)C Carbide for Cutting Tools Application

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Manufacturing of Novel Nanostructured TiCrC Carbides Using Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

Manufacturing of Novel Nanostructured TiCrC Carbides Using Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

Spark Plasma Sintering of Nanostructured TiCrC Carbides Prepared via Mechanical Alloying

Crystal Plasticity (Volume II)

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