Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Poly(STY-EGDMA) Particles for Application as Biocatalyst Support in Octyl Oleate Ester Synthesis: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters and Mathematical Modeling

Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis

“…To incorporate a greater number of studies, the search parameters were adjusted by removing the term “cosmetic”, resulting in 62 papers, of which 43 studies met the established criteria (tank reactors with a volume superior than 50 mL and cosmetic applications). Table 5 [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 ] compiles these papers. The esters synthesized fall into these categories: emollient esters [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 65 , 69 , 70 , 71 , ...…”

“…Table 5 [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 ] compiles these papers. The esters synthesized fall into these categories: emollient esters [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 65 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 73 , 74 , 79 , 80 ,…”

“…According to Table 5 , among 43 papers reviewed, 36 report the use of commercial lipases from different companies: Novozymes [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 68 , 70 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 82 , 88 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 101 ], Fermenta Biotech Ltd. (Thane, India) [ 71 , 81 , 83 , 84 , 86 , 89 , 95 ], and Purolite (King of Prussia, PA, USA) [ 80 ]. In five articles, researchers describe the use of an in-lab immobilized lipase [ 61 , 69 , 85 , 94 , 100 , 102 ], and only two studies involve microbial cells with lipase activity [ 67 , 87 ]. It is evident that commercial immobilized enzymes come with a high cost.…”

“…These methods involve the use of molecular sieves [ 64 , 67 , 71 , 75 , 81 ], vacuum operation with dry N 2 bubbling [ 66 , 69 , 70 , 72 , 73 , 80 , 85 , 91 , 93 , 97 , 100 ], and atmospheric evaporation [ 69 , 70 , 92 , 96 , 98 , 99 ]. Regarding the use of organic solvents as a reaction medium, solvent-free systems are becoming more prevalent [ 61 , 62 , 66 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 89 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 ]. This is probably ...…”

“…It is evident that there is a high interest in implementing these processes on an industrial scale, which has led numerous researchers to expand their fundamental studies. This expansion involves not only using large-volume tanks but also developing kinetic models based on the mechanism of the studied reactions, which enables the design of the reactor for its future scale-up [ 62 , 65 , 71 , 74 , 77 , 78 , 81 , 84 , 88 , 90 , 94 , 95 , 97 , 102 ].…”