Synthesis and characterization of iodovanadinite using PdI<sub>2,</sub> an iodine source for the immobilisation of radioiodine

Johnstone, Erik V.; Bailey, Daniel J.; Lawson, Sebastian M.; Stennett, Martin C.; Corkhill, Claire L.; Kim, M.; Heo, Jong; Matsumura, Daiju; Hyatt, Neil C.

doi:10.1039/d0ra04114a

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Maddrell and Abraitis found it was possible to synthesise single-phase Pb 4.5 Ba 0.5 (VO 4 ) 3 I, indicating that it is likely that the use of AgI as the iodine source has affected the formation of the iodovanadinite phase, and it may be possible to synthesise Ba-containing iodovanadinite if a different precursor is used [23]. In this context, it is worth noting that the synthesis of Pb 5 (VO 4 ) 3 I was successfully achieved using PdI 2 as a sacrificial iodine source, relevant to the direct immobilisation of undissolved PdI 2 residues formed in nuclear fuel reprocessing [32].…”

Section: Pb45−xbaxag05(vo4)3i05 Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation of Iodovanadinite Wasteforms for the Immobilisation of Radio-Iodine and Technetium

Bailey,

Johnstone,

Stennett

et al. 2023

Ceramics

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99Tc and 129I are two long-lived, highly soluble and mobile fission products that pose a long-term hazard. A proposed wasteform for the disposal of radio-iodine is iodovanadinite (Pb5(VO4)3I), an apatite-structured vanadate. In this investigation, a suite of potential iodovanadinite wasteforms designed for the co-disposal of Tc and I or the sole disposal of I were synthesised via hot isostatic pressing (with Mo as a surrogate for Tc). It was found that direct synthesis from oxide and iodide precursors was possible using hot isostatic pressing (HIPing). Increasing overpressure during HIPing was found to improve the density of the final product. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that the use of AgI as the source of iodine affected the formation of the target iodovanadinite phase and produced unfavourable phase assemblages. Here, we report the direct synthesis of Pb5(VO4)3I in a single step by hot isostatic pressing.

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Section: Pb45−xbaxag05(vo4)3i05 Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ceramics 2023, 6, FOR PEER REVIEW 12 In this context, it is worth noting that the synthesis of Pb5(VO4)3I was successfully achieved using PdI2 as a sacrificial iodine source, relevant to the direct immobilisation of undissolved PdI2 residues formed in nuclear fuel reprocessing [32].…”

Section: Pb45−xbaxag05(vo4)3i05 Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Iodovanadinite Wasteforms for the Immobilisation of Radio-Iodine and Technetium

Bailey,

Johnstone,

Stennett

et al. 2023

Ceramics

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“…The crystal structure of lead apatite is flexible, enabling a wide range of elements to be incorporated into the crystalline phase; however, the main drawback is the use of a toxic metal (Pb). The synthesis of lead vanadates requires iodine to be in the form of NaI, but work has been done to synthesize vanadates directly from AgI or PdI 2 (Johnstone et al, 2020(Johnstone et al, , 2017. Unfortunately, multiple phase materials were generated.…”

Section: Apatite: Lead Vanadates (Pbv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of recent developments in iodine wasteform production

et al. 2022

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Radioiodine capture and immobilization is not only important to consider during the operation of reactors (i.e., I-131), during nuclear accidents (i.e., I-131 and I-129) or nuclear fuel reprocessing (i.e., I-131 and I-129), but also during disposal of nuclear wastes (i.e., I-129). Most disposal plans for I-129-containing waste forms (including spent nuclear fuel) propose to store them in underground repositories. Here, iodine can be highly mobile and, given its radiotoxicity, needs to be carefully managed to minimize long-term environmental impacts arising from disposal. Typically, any process that has been used to capture iodine from reprocessing or in a reactor is not suitable for direct disposal, rather conversion into a wasteform for disposal is required. The objectives of these materials are to use either chemical immobilization or physical encapsulation to reduce the leaching of iodine by groundwaters. Some of the more recent ideas have been to design capture materials that better align with disposal concepts, making the industrial processing requirements easier. Research on iodine capture materials and wasteforms has been extensive. This review will act as both an update on the state of the research since the last time it was comprehensively summarized, and an evaluation of the industrial techniques required to create the proposed iodine wasteforms in terms of resulting material chemistry and applicability.

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“…Apatite group minerals with the general formula A 5 (BO 4 ) 3 X allow numerous substitutions of cations or anions in their crystal structures and have widespread industrial applications, i.e., as metal sequestration agents for water treatment and contaminated soil remediation [1][2][3], photo-catalytic materials [4,5], and nuclear waste storage materials [6][7][8]. Moreover, apatite group minerals play important roles in many geological settings and serve as potential phosphorus-bearing phase in the Earth's deep mantle through subduction and sensitive tracers for magma derivation/evolution [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Transitions in Natural Vanadinite at High Pressures

et al. 2021

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The structural stability of vanadinite, Pb5[VO4]3Cl, is reported by high-pressure experiments using synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. XRD experiments were performed up to 44.6 GPa and 700 K using an externally-heated diamond anvil cell (EHDAC), and Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed up to 26.8 GPa at room temperature. XRD experiments revealed a reversible phase transition of vanadinite at 23 GPa and 600 K, which is accompanied by a discontinuous volume reduction and color change of the mineral from transparent to reddish during compression. The high-pressure Raman spectra of vanadinite show apparent changes between 18.0 and 22.8 GPa and finally become amorphous at 26.8 GPa, suggesting structural transitions of this mineral upon compression. The structural changes can be distinguished by the emergence of a new vibrational mode that can be attributed to the distortion of [VO4] and the larger distortion of the V–O bonds, respectively. The [VO4] internal modes in vanadinite give isothermal mode Grüneisen parameters varying from 0.149 to 0.286, yielding an average VO4 internal mode Grüneisen parameters of 0.202.

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Synthesis and characterization of iodovanadinite using PdI_2, an iodine source for the immobilisation of radioiodine

Abstract:
The synthesis and characterisation of a composite wasteform, comprising iodovanadinite Pb₁₀(VO₄)₆I₂ and Pd metal, is reported, for immobilisation of radioiodine PdI₂; the formation of Pd incorporated iodovanadinite “PdPb₉(VO₄)₆I₂” was not observed.

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

An Investigation of Iodovanadinite Wasteforms for the Immobilisation of Radio-Iodine and Technetium

An Investigation of Iodovanadinite Wasteforms for the Immobilisation of Radio-Iodine and Technetium

Review of recent developments in iodine wasteform production

Phase Transitions in Natural Vanadinite at High Pressures

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Synthesis and characterization of iodovanadinite using PdI2, an iodine source for the immobilisation of radioiodine

Abstract: The synthesis and characterisation of a composite wasteform, comprising iodovanadinite Pb10(VO4)6I2 and Pd metal, is reported, for immobilisation of radioiodine PdI2; the formation of Pd incorporated iodovanadinite “PdPb9(VO4)6I2” was not observed.

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

An Investigation of Iodovanadinite Wasteforms for the Immobilisation of Radio-Iodine and Technetium

An Investigation of Iodovanadinite Wasteforms for the Immobilisation of Radio-Iodine and Technetium

Review of recent developments in iodine wasteform production

Phase Transitions in Natural Vanadinite at High Pressures

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Resources

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Synthesis and characterization of iodovanadinite using PdI_2, an iodine source for the immobilisation of radioiodine

Abstract:
The synthesis and characterisation of a composite wasteform, comprising iodovanadinite Pb₁₀(VO₄)₆I₂ and Pd metal, is reported, for immobilisation of radioiodine PdI₂; the formation of Pd incorporated iodovanadinite “PdPb₉(VO₄)₆I₂” was not observed.