Synthesis and characterization of innovative resveratrol nanobelt-like particles and assessment of their bioactivity, antioxidative and antibacterial properties

Abstract

Recently, many studies have shown various beneficial effects of polyphenol resveratrol (Res) on human health. The most important of these effects include cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, osteoinductive, and anti-microbial effects. Resveratrol has cis and trans isoforms, with the trans isoform being more stable and biologically active. Despite the results of in vitro experiments, resveratrol has limited potential for application in vivo due to its poor water solubility, sensitivity to oxygen, light, and heat, rapid metabolism, and therefore low bioavailability. The possible solution to overcome these limitations could be the synthesis of resveratrol in nanoparticle form. Accordingly, in this study, we have developed a simple, green solvent/non-solvent physicochemical method to synthesize stable, uniform, carrier-free resveratrol nanobelt-like particles (ResNPs) for applications in tissue engineering. UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) was used to identify the trans isoform of ResNPs which remained stable for at least 63 days. The additional qualitative analysis was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while X-ray diffraction (XRD) determined the monoclinic structure of resveratrol with a significant difference in the intensity of diffraction peaks between commercial and nano-belt form. The morphology of ResNPs was evaluated by optical microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) that revealed a uniform nanobelt-like structure with an individual thickness of less than 1 μm. Bioactivity was confirmed using Artemia salina in vivo toxicity assay, while 2,2–diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylhydrate (DPPH) reduction assay showed the good antioxidative potential of concentrations of 100 μg/ml and lower. Microdilution assay on several reference strains and clinical isolates showed promising antibacterial potential on Staphylococci, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) being 800 μg/ml. Bioactive glass-based scaffolds were coated with ResNPs and characterized to confirm coating potential. All of the above make these particles a promising bioactive, easy-to-handle component in various biomaterial formulations.

Resveratrol/Selenium Nanocomposite with Antioxidative and Antibacterial Properties

“…The size of the ResNPs was 17 µm in length and 750 nm in width, as was also previously reported [ 11 ]. SeNPs were only visible as the agglomerates, because their individual size was less than 100 nm, as determined in the previous paper [ 14 ].…”

“…Gram-negative P. aeruginosa and E. coli are also known to cause contamination of medicinal material and subsequent tissue infection. In our previous work, we described the effect of ResNPs with MIC values being 800 µg/mL for staphylococci and Pseudomonas clinical isolate, and more than 800 µg/mL for other bacteria [ 11 ]. In this work, we further investigated the antimicrobial activity of SeNPs and ResSeNPs and the formulated composite ResSeNPs.…”

“…Labels on the X -axis are active concentrations of each ResNPs and SeNPs in the composite material. * Results of ResNPs scavenging activity are taken from our previously published research [ 11 ] T.…”

“…ResNPs were synthesized by the physicochemical solvent-nonsolvent method, as described in Tomić et al (2023) [11]. Briefly, the trans-resveratrol powder was dissolved in 96% ethanol (50 mg/5 mL) and, during 5 min of homogenization at 17,500 rpm, this solution was drop-wise added into 25 mL of precooled water.…”

“…Resveratrol polycaprolactone-based nanoformulations have improved the bioavailability of resveratrol and showed promise for use in ocular medicine [ 9 ], and several reported nanoformulations enhanced resveratrol’s potential as an anticancer drug [ 10 ]. In our previous research, we created carrier-free ResNPs in a shape that was especially convenient for further material design and provided preliminary information concerning antioxidant and antibacterial properties [ 11 ].…”