Synthesis and characterization of highly stable optically passive CeO2–ZrO2 counter electrode

Bhosale, Appasaheb K.; Shinde, Pravin S.; Tarwal, N.L.; Pawar, Rajendra C.; Kadam, P.M.; Patil, P. S.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2009.11.005

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The band at 539 cm −1 is assigned to Ce-O stretching vibration. 17 The two medium intensity bands assigned to ν(Ti-O) and ν(Ti-O-Ti) stretching modes at 798 and 451 cm −1 , respectively. 26 The intense peak at 1102-1106 cm −1 is due to water adsorption (O-H-H).…”

Section: Infrared Spectroscopy (Ir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This improvement in η of WO 3 is better than that (53 cm 2 C −1 ) in case of pristine CeO 2 as counter electrode and CeO 2 -ZrO 2 (107 cm 2 C −1 ). 16,17 The electrochemical stability of CeO 2 -TiO 2 as a counter electrode is increased considerably as compared to pristine 37 and were used as the quantitative scale to define the colours. The attributes of colour, hue-a (its position between red and green, where negative value tends toward green and positive value tends toward red), saturation-b (its position in between blue and yellow, where negative value tends toward blue and positive value tends toward yellow) and lightness-L (where 0 is black and 100 is white), 38 were measured using colour analysis software equipped with UV-vis spectrophotometer by analysing transmittance spectra of coloured and bleached states after electrochemical polarization at ±0.9 V. Figure 9a shows the lightness (%L)ofCeO 2 -TiO 2 and sputtered WO 3 thin films with graphite as a counter electrode and WO 3 thin film with CeO 2 -TiO 2 as a counter electrode in their coloured (reduced) and bleach (oxidized) state upon application of potential step of ±0.9 V. The lightness difference ( L)o f CeO 2 -TiO 2 thin film with graphite as a counter electrode in their colour/bleach state was found to be ∼2.5% which is negligible and it elucidates the film's candidature as a passive counter electrode material, whereas the L of WO 3 thin film with graphite as a counter electrode was found to be ∼38%, but with that of CeO 2 -TiO 2 as a counter electrode was found to be ∼48%.…”

Section: Electrochromic Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13][14] The structure and the conductivity of CeO 2 films were modified by the substitution of Ti for Ce atoms. It has been used as counter electrode in ECD [15][16][17] and solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes. 18,19 The first results concerning cerium-titanium sols have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spray deposited CeO2–TiO2 counter electrode for electrochromic devices

et al. 2015

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Optically passive thin films of CeO 2-TiO 2 mixed oxides with molar ratio of Ce/Ti of 0.05 were deposited by the spray pyrolysis technique (SPT) on a glass and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrates. Precursor solution containing cerium nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO 3) 2 •6H 2 O) and titanium tetraiso-propoxide (Ti(O i Pr) 4) having different volumetric proportions (0-5 vol% of Ti) in methanol were used. These films were characterized for structural, morphological, molecular, optical, electrochromic and colourimetric analysis. CeO 2-TiO 2 films deposited at 400 • C were found to be polycrystalline with cubic fluorite crystal structure. Transformation from polycrystalline to amorphous phase was observed with increasing TiO 2 content. The band centred at 539 cm −1 is assigned to Ce-O stretching vibration and the two medium intensity bands assigned to (Ti-O) and (Ti-O-Ti) stretching modes at 798 and 451 cm −1 , which confirms the mixed CeO 2 and TiO 2 phases. The band gap energy decreases (E g)f r o m 3.45 eV for pristine CeO 2 to 2.98-3.09 eV for CeO 2-TiO 2 films. The ion storage capacity (ISC) of CeO 2-TiO 2 thin film with 3 vol% Ti (Ce-Ti 3 sample) was found to be 26 mC cm −2 and electrochemical stability up to 30,000 cycles in 0.5 M LiClO 4-PC electrolyte. The optically passive behaviour of CeO 2-TiO 2 thin film is confirmed by its negligible transmission modulation (T ∼ 2.5%) upon Li + ion insertion/extraction, irrespective of the extent of Li + ion intercalation. The optical modulation of sputter deposited electrochromic WO 3 thin film was found to be enhanced from 56 to 61% with rapid increase in colouration efficiency (CE) from 42 to 231 cm 2 C −1 when CeO 2-TiO 2 is coupled as a counter electrode with WO 3 in an electrochromic device (ECD). On reduction of WO 3 thin film with CeO 2-TiO 2 as counter electrode, the CIELAB 1931 2 • colour space coordinates show the transition from colourless to the deep blue state (L * = 88.07, a * =− 2.37, b * = 24.59 and L * = 40.32, a * =− 1.16, b * =− 5.65) with steady decrease in relative lightness. Yxy and L * a * b * coordinates signify CeO 2-TiO 2 films and it also exhibits the application as counter electrode in electrochromic smart windows in which they are able to retain their transparency under charge insertion/extraction. Keywords. CeO 2-TiO 2 thin films; WO 3 thin film; counter electrode; colour analysis; electrochromism.

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Section: Infrared Spectroscopy (Ir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochromic Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spray deposited CeO2–TiO2 counter electrode for electrochromic devices

et al. 2015

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“…In a different approach, when a second EC material is not used as it is difficult to achieve a simultaneous operation of both electrochromic materials by the same electrolyte, an optically passive layer can be used as the counter electrode. Films based on cerium dioxide (CeO 2 ), tin dioxide (SnO 2 ) or zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ) have been widely used [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In this approach, the coloration of the EC device is due to the coloration of only one EC layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-Solid-State Electrochromic Cells with Energy Storage Properties Made with Inkjet Printing

et al. 2020

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In common commercially available electrochromic glass panes, the active materials such as WO3 and NiOx films are typically deposited by either physical vapor or sputtering under vacuum. In the present studies, we report on the inkjet printing method to deposit both electrochromic and ion storage electrode layers under ambient conditions. An ion storage layer based on cerium modified TiO2 and electrochromic nanocrystalline WO3 were both prepared under the wet method and deposited as inks on conductive substrates. Both compounds possess porous morphology facilitating high ion diffusion during electrochemical processes. In particular, the ion storage layer was evaluated in terms of porosity, charge capacity and ion diffusion coefficient. A scaled up 90 cm2 electrochromic device with quasi-solid-state electrolyte was made with the aforementioned materials and evaluated in terms of optical modulation in the visible region, cyclic voltammetry and color efficiency. High contrast between 13.2% and 71.6% for tinted and bleached states measured at 550 nm was monitored under low bias at +2.5 volt and −0.3 volts respectively. Moreover, the calculated energy density equal to 1.95 × 10−3 mWh cm−2 and the high areal capacitance of 156.19 mF cm−2 of the device could combine the electrochromic behavior of the cell with energy storage capability so as to be a promising candidate for future applications into smart buildings.

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“…Among these methods, Spray pyrolysis method is widely adopted in laboratories because of its low preparation cost and simple handling process. It has fascinated substantial attention of researchers because of its wide band gap and considered as a promising material for chemo-mechanical polishing [18], buffer layers for superconducting coated conductors [19], catalyst [20], oxygen storage [21], gas sensors [22,23], fuel [24] and solar cells [25], electrochemical devices [26,27], optical coatings [28] and optoelectronics devices [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%