Synthesis and Characterization of High-Performance Blended Alkali-Activated Geopolymer (FA/GBFS) from Industrial Wastes

Nag, Mukesh Kumar; Kumar, Parmanand

doi:10.1007/s40996-023-01044-7

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Benefiting from this residue has arisen due to the increasing interest in the proper disposal and utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes to prevent their impact on the environment and danger to human health. [2][3][4][5] Therefore, bagasse is managed to produce useful products such as paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This residue is a pulpy fibrous material containing mainly cellulose (32%–48%), hemicelluloses (27%–32%), lignin (19%–24%), and ash (1.5%–5%). Benefiting from this residue has arisen due to the increasing interest in the proper disposal and utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes to prevent their impact on the environment and danger to human health 2–5 . Therefore, bagasse is managed to produce useful products such as paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Styrene/acrylate copolymer emulsions as strengthening agents for kraft bagasse pulp: A way for enhancing the mechanical properties of paper

Morsi,

Abd El‐Sayed,

Ismail

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Although styrene acrylate emulsions (SAE) have demonstrated promising applications as surface sizing agents for paper, their strengthening effect on pulp fibers in papermaking is not clear. In this study, bagasse fibers, an agricultural waste, were treated with SAE to study the influences on the mechanical properties of the produced papers. SAE copolymers with hard chain (H‐PSA) and soft chain (S‐PSA) were prepared and added to bagasse pulp slurry at concentrations of 1%–4% by weight. The findings indicated that for the soft and hard copolymers, the glass transition temperatures were 19.5 and 26.8°C and their emulsion particle sizes were 166 and 182 nm, respectively. The copolymers strengthened the produced paper by wrapping around and forming a network of chemical and physical bonds with the pulp fibers. Papers treated with 3% H‐PSA exhibited the optimum improvement in tensile strength (38 MPa) and breaking length (67 m) by 13% and 64%, respectively. Treated papers were negatively affected by UV radiation due to phenyl groups spread along the chains. The copolymers demonstrated good wet‐strength properties achieved by self‐ and co‐crosslinked networks. The prepared paper sheets showed a preference for the mechanical properties of treated samples over the untreated ones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Styrene/acrylate copolymer emulsions as strengthening agents for kraft bagasse pulp: A way for enhancing the mechanical properties of paper

Morsi,

Abd El‐Sayed,

Ismail

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…In the chemical method, the natural fibers were treated with several chemicals such as alkali, silane, stearic acid, benzoyl peroxide, potassium permanganate, and so forth to improve the surface texture. [8][9][10] On treating the natural fibers with these chemicals, the impurities on the surface of the natural fibers are removed and amorphous contents in the natural fiber is reduced, thus improving the surface texture of natural fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of optimal alkali treated Areca catechu L. peduncle fiber for light weight polymer composites applications

Mansingh,

Bharathiraja,

Binoj

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The chemical, physico‐mechanical, morphological, and thermal characteristics of alkali treated natural cellulosic sustainable eco‐friendly fiber from peduncle of Areca Catechu tree were investigated. Areca Catechu fruit peduncle fiber (ACFPF) treated with 5% (w/v) NaOH solution for 60 min is found as optimally alkali treated ACFPF (OAACFPF) witnessed an increase in cellulose content by 17%. Single fiber tensile test perceived that OAACFPF enhanced tensile strength by 12.9% and x‐ray diffraction analysis depicts crystallinity index of OAACFPF improved by 14.2% compared with ACFPF. Also, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis endorsed partial removal of amorphous contents from fibers due to alkali treatment. In addition, alkali treatment has enhanced thermal stability of OAACFPF from 226°C to 235°C verified through Thermogravimetric analysis. Likewise, Differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed improvement in thermal degradation temperature of OAACFPF after alkali treatment. Moreover, the rougher surface of OAACFPF confirmed through scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy is due to partial removal of amorphous contents thus ensuing in good interfacial bonding characteristics with the matrix during reinforcement for bio‐composite fabrication. The above findings validated OAACFPF as a worthy substitute to harmful synthetic fibers for development of eco‐friendly and sustainable bio‐composites.

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“…The stacking sequence of multi-layered hybrid composites greatly enhances the achievement of favorable dynamic mechanical properties that cannot be attained by single-layered composites alone. 30–33…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of laminated natural fibers and SS303 wire mesh reinforced epoxy-based hybrid composite

Nag

Kumar

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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In today’s world, researchers are actively seeking the most suitable materials to meet the growing industrial demands. These materials need to possess specific characteristics such as lightweight nature, high strength, excellent mechanical properties, and environmental friendliness. Due to these requirements, relying solely on mono fiber composite materials is insufficient. Therefore, it has become necessary to incorporate different reinforcements into polymer matrices to achieve the desired mechanical properties. This study focuses on the fabrication of a novel hybrid composite using jute fibers, luffa fibers, palmyra leaf fibers, and AISI 303 (0.5 mm) wire mesh combined with epoxy resin. The fabrication process involved utilizing vacuum bagging techniques. To assess the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites, two wire mesh orientations (45° and 90°) and a total of 12 stacking sequences of jute/wire mesh/luffa/palmyra (J/W/L/P) were selected. The mechanical characterization of the hybrid composites included tensile, impact, flexural, and interlaminar strength tests. Furthermore, a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA-8000) was employed to investigate the elastic behavior, including storage modulus (E′), loss modulus ( E″), and damping factor (tan δ). Additionally, the fracture surface's microstructure was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Among the various stacking sequences and fiber orientations, the 45° fiber orientation and the stacking sequences JWLP, JLWP, JWPL, JPWL, PWJL, and PJWL exhibited superior ultimate tensile strength. Notably, the PWJL stacking sequence displayed the highest average tensile strength (74.83 MPa), flexural strength (131.60 MPa), percentage elongation (1.35%), and interlaminar strength (1.47 kN). Moreover, dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the hybrid composite sample with 90° wire mesh orientation exhibited a peak energy absorption of 0.820 at the transition region, specifically at a frequency of 0.5 Hz.

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Synthesis and Characterization of High-Performance Blended Alkali-Activated Geopolymer (FA/GBFS) from Industrial Wastes

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Styrene/acrylate copolymer emulsions as strengthening agents for kraft bagasse pulp: A way for enhancing the mechanical properties of paper

Styrene/acrylate copolymer emulsions as strengthening agents for kraft bagasse pulp: A way for enhancing the mechanical properties of paper

Influence of optimal alkali treated Areca catechu L. peduncle fiber for light weight polymer composites applications

Fabrication and characterization of laminated natural fibers and SS303 wire mesh reinforced epoxy-based hybrid composite

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