Synthesis and characterization of Fe6W6C by mechanical alloying

Mercado, W. Barona; Cuevas, J.; Castro, Irvin J; Fajardo, M.; Alcázar, G. A. Pérez; Sthepa, H. Sánchez

doi:10.1007/s10751-008-9587-y

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is expected that the carbon coming from carbide phase dissolution segregates along the grain boundaries, as suggested by previous studies [32]. It is worth mentioning that according to the Fe-W-C phase diagram, both Fe6W6C and Fe3W3C carbides are expected to be stable at 800 °C [20,26]. The observed dissolution of the carbides is likely caused by the annealing perfomed in vacuum (1×10−8 Pa).…”

Section: Ebsd Analysis Of Annealed Fe-w Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The formation of tungsten carbides and tungsten oxides upon annealing has important consequences both for the thermal stability and the mechanical properties of the coating [24,25]. In particular, as shown by previous studies, Fe3W3C and Fe6W6C phases are characterized with high hardness and high elastic modulus [26][27][28]. The presence of co-deposited non-metallic elements in the Fe-W coatings was revealed by Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy analysis and thoroughly discussed in a previous study [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…For the sample with 16 at.% of W the phases responsible of the precipitation strengthening are both Fe(W) solid solution and FeWO4, and α-Fe for the sample with 24 at.% of W. The hardness drop observed at 800 °C is related to the grain size increase of the mentioned phases, as observed both from the SEM images and EBSD analyses. Thus, the hardness of the samples with 16 and 24 at.% of W appears to not be influenced by the presence of the hard Fe6W6C phase, whose hardness and the elastic modulus is reported to be ~15,6 GPa [26] and ~327 GPa [28], respectively. For the sample with 24 at.% of W, Fe6W6C phase is not expected to influence the hardness.…”

Section: Mechanical Characterization Of Fe-w Coatings: Nanoindentationmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Enhanced mechanical properties and microstructural modifications in electrodeposited Fe-W alloys through controlled heat treatments

Mulone

Nicolenco

Fornell

et al. 2018

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Among W alloys, FeW has seen much attention recently, due to the need of moving toward the design of environmentally friendly materials. Coatings with 4, 16 and 24 at.% of W were electrodeposited from an environmental friendly Fe(III)-based glycolate-citrate bath. The samples were annealed in vacuum at different temperatures up to 800 °C. Different crystalline phases are formed upon annealing: α-Fe, Fe2W, Fe3W3C, Fe6W6C, and FeWO4. Their grain size and distribution within the coating was studied by means of Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) technique. The effect of annealing on the mechanical properties of the coatings was analyzed performing nanoindentation measurements. The results show a considerable increase of the hardness followed by a rapid decrease at higher temperatures. The highest hardness value, i.e. 16.5 GPa, is measured for the sample with 24 at.% of W after annealing at 600 °C owing to the precipitation of α-Fe crystallites. This study indicates the possibility to substantially increase the hardness of electrodeposited FeW coatings by optimization of the annealing treatment. In addition, the critical influence of the carbide and oxide phases on the mechanical properties of alloys is discussed. Hence, FeW coatings rich in W can be applied as a possible candidate for protective coating applications at elevated temperatures.

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Section: Ebsd Analysis Of Annealed Fe-w Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Mechanical Characterization Of Fe-w Coatings: Nanoindentationmentioning

confidence: 87%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Enhanced mechanical properties and microstructural modifications in electrodeposited Fe-W alloys through controlled heat treatments

Mulone

Nicolenco

Fornell

et al. 2018

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…It is known that tungsten carbides possess high hardness up to 3100 HV0.1 [40]. Another source indicates ternary carbides (Fe 3 W 3 C and Fe 6 W 6 C) microhardness of 1560 HV0.1 [41]. The low average microhardness in Zone 2 can be explained by the shape and size of carbides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Tungsten Hot-Work Steel after Boriding and Boroaluminizing

et al. 2020

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(1) Background: Boron-based diffusion layers possess great application potential in forging and die-casting due to their favorable mechanical and thermophysical properties. This research explores the enhanced wear resistance of tungsten hot-work steel through boriding and boroaluminizing. (2) Methods: Thermal-chemical treatment (TCT) of steel H21 was carried out. Pure boriding was introduced to the substrate through heating a paste of boron carbide and sodium fluoride 1050 °C for two hours. As for boroaluminizing, 16% of aluminum powder was added to the boriding paste. (3) Results: It was shown that boriding resulted in the formation of an FeB/Fe2B layer with a tooth-like structure. A completely different microstructure was revealed after boroaluminizing—namely, diffusion layer with heterogeneous structure, where hard components FeB and Mx (B,C) were displaced in the matrix of softer phases—Fe3Al and α-Fe. In addition, the layer thickness increased from 105 μm to 560 μm (compared to pure boriding). The maximum microhardness values reached 2900 HV0.1 after pure boriding, while for boroaluminizing it was about 2000 HV0.1. (4) Conclusions: It was revealed that the mass loss during wear test reduced by two times after boroaluminizing and 13 times after boriding compared to the hardened sample after five-min testing.

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“…For these lower carbides, information on their mechanical properties is needed to assess their influence on the composites, for example, their relative contribution to hardness distribution. However, little data have been reported on the mechanical properties of these compounds 5–8 . Among the limited data available on the hardness of the lower carbides, there is a contradictory fact that for W 2 C, the theoretical hardness differs significantly from the experimental hardness 5–7,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of the distinction in hardness of lower tungsten carbides: An experimental and ab initio theoretical study

et al. 2022

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The so-called lower tungsten carbides W 2 C and Fe 3 W 3 C often appear in tungsten carbide-reinforced iron matrix (WC-Fe) composites. The effect of their presence on the mechanical properties of the material, such as hardness, is not well understood. In this study, we extensively measured the hardness distribution in the WC-Fe composites and also performed hundreds of microhardness measurements to determine the hardness values for the lower carbides. The hardness values calculated by ab initio were compared, where the theoretical values of Fe 3 W 3 C had little difference from the experimental values. However, the experimentally obtained hardness data for W 2 C were significantly smaller than the reported theoretical data. Moreover, the experimental hardness values for W 2 C reported in the literatures are very different. To understand the origin of the discrepancy, the focused-ion-beam-transmission-electron-microscopy technique was used to obtain the high-resolution images of W 2 C, which revealed a high density of planar defects. As a further comparison, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations illustrate that the complex interactions between different atomic pairs in Fe 3 W 3 C make it difficult for this type of crystal defect to occur. The lattice of W 2 C can adjust-resulting in shuffle defects and stacking faultsto a certain degree affecting its hardness, which was not revealed in previous studies.

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Synthesis and characterization of Fe6W6C by mechanical alloying

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Enhanced mechanical properties and microstructural modifications in electrodeposited Fe-W alloys through controlled heat treatments

Enhanced mechanical properties and microstructural modifications in electrodeposited Fe-W alloys through controlled heat treatments

Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Tungsten Hot-Work Steel after Boriding and Boroaluminizing

Origin of the distinction in hardness of lower tungsten carbides: An experimental and ab initio theoretical study

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