Synthesis and Characterization of Diglycerol Tetranitrate (DGTN)—An Energetic Plasticizer for Use in Explosive and Propellant Formulations

Straessler, Nicholas A.; Lee, Manfai

doi:10.1080/07370652.2015.1066463

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Diglycerol tetranitrate (DGTN) is a kind of nitrate ester plasticizer with energy characteristics analogous to NG, such as a density of 1.522 g·cm –3 , detonation velocity of 7.80 km·s –1 , and detonation heat of 6003.4 kJ·kg –1 . Meanwhile, its lower values of freezing point (<100 °C) and mechanical insensibility and similar values of solubility parameter to GAP (21.7 MPa 0.5 ) represent an effective improvement in the operational safety and mechanical properties of GAP-based propellants as far as the propellant formulation is concerned. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rheological Impact of Particle Size Gradation on GAP Propellant Slurries

Wang

Song

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Over the years, widespread interest has been placed on rheological properties to reflect the processability of propellant slurries. Particle gradation technology plays an essential role in the improvement of the processability of propellant slurries. In this article, rheological properties of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) propellant slurries were measured by dynamic rheological measurements with a rheometer. Submicron-sized (d 50 = 0.221 μm) and micron-sized (d 50 = 33.02 μm) CL-20 particles and ultrafine (d 50 = 2.40 μm) and micron-sized (d 50 = 341.69 μm) AP particles were utilized to investigate the influence of the addition of CL-20 and particle size gradation on rheological properties. The test results demonstrate that the LVE region remains almost invariable while the yield transition process is delayed when the relative content of submicron-sized CL-20 increases from 10 to 20%. The values of G′, G″, and |η*| increase with increasing submicron-sized CL-20. Despite this, the value of |η*| can be effectively reduced to about the same value as the slurries with bimodal AP by the size gradation of CL-20. In addition, particle porosity appears to be a suitable parameter to predict trends concerning the rheological properties of the GAP propellant slurries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Meanwhile, its lower values of freezing point (<100 °C) and mechanical insensibility and similar values of solubility parameter to GAP (21.7 MPa 0.5 ) represent an effective improvement in the operational safety and mechanical properties of GAP-based propellants as far as the propellant formulation is concerned. 7 , 8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Impact of Particle Size Gradation on GAP Propellant Slurries

Wang

Song

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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“…One feasible strategy is to incorporate a plasticizer. The energetic plasticizer diglycerol tetranitrate (DGTN) is characterized by less volatility and no freezing and therefore is desired to improve the service performance of GAP in alpine regions [12, 13]. DGTN was added into the NQ‐based gun propellant to explore the influence of DGTN content on the mechanical properties [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Behavior of Concentrated GAP/ AP Propellant Suspensions Plasticized by Diglycerol Tetranitrate

Wang

Song

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Concentrated GAP/AP propellant suspensions with different solid contents and molecular masses of GAP were prepared, in which diglycerol tetranitrate (DGTN) was the energetic plasticizer. The steady shear measurements were conducted using a rheometer to examine the influences of component characteristics, particle gradation and temperature on rheological behavior. Results indicate that the GAP/DGTN mixture is Newtonian viscous and concentrated GAP/AP suspensions are pseudoplastic fluids. The Ostwald -De Waele model and the Arrhenius -de Guzman equation are utilized to compare the pseudoplastic behavior and the viscosity-temperature dependence of concentrated suspensions, respectively. The apparent viscosity is exponentially related to solid content and the pseudoplastic behavior gradually increases with solid content revealed by the decreasing power law index (n). Additionally, larger particle size of AP, smaller molecular mass of GAP, or lower temperature make possible the reduced apparent viscosity. Suitable particle gradation reduces the apparent viscosity to the desired value.

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“…According to the requirements described above, a composite propellant must have adequate processability, excellent mechanical properties, and favorable burning characteristics. Researchers have recently developed several energetic plasticizers and investigated their effects on improving the mechanical properties of cured HTPB after the addition of these plasticizers [1–9]. The synthetic processes of energetic plasticizers are complicated, and therefore it is difficult to manufacture these plasticizers industrially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Decomposition Behaviors of Hydroxyl‐Terminated Polybutadiene/Glycerol Propoxylate Blend and Its Application to Ammonium Nitrate‐Based Propellants

Kohga

Togashi

2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is commonly used as a binder ingredient in composite propellants. In this study, a plasticizer was added to the binder to promote its plasticity and flexibility. Glycerol propoxylate (GPO) is a triol material with a zigzag structure, and it has one oxygen atom in a repeating unit. GPO would be a good plasticizer for HTPB binder to obtain good elasticity; furthermore, it would be suitable for improving the burning characteristics of the HTPB propellant. The addition of GPO to the HTPB binder was effective in extending the pot life and improving the mechanical properties of the propellant. The thermal decomposition behaviors of the HTPB/GPO blends were almost the same as that of the HTPB binder, except that the beginning consumption temperature of the blends was lower than that of HTPB. The ignitability at low pressure for the ammonium nitrate‐based propellant was improved by using the HTPB/GPO binder, whereas GPO did not enhance the burning rate of the propellant.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Diglycerol Tetranitrate (DGTN)—An Energetic Plasticizer for Use in Explosive and Propellant Formulations

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Rheological Impact of Particle Size Gradation on GAP Propellant Slurries

Rheological Impact of Particle Size Gradation on GAP Propellant Slurries

Rheological Behavior of Concentrated GAP/ AP Propellant Suspensions Plasticized by Diglycerol Tetranitrate

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Decomposition Behaviors of Hydroxyl‐Terminated Polybutadiene/Glycerol Propoxylate Blend and Its Application to Ammonium Nitrate‐Based Propellants

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