“…In the current era of nanotechnology, a variety of nanotube constituents are available that can be formed in to nanoscopic fibers, for instance carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [1], boron nitride nanotubes (BNTs) [2] and titania nanotubes (TNAs) [3,4]. Among the various forms of carbon nanostructures, the hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNSs) have attracted much attention due to their unique structures as well as their inherited properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, low density, good mechanical strength, good thermal stability, high chemical inactivity, high volume of pores, high surface permeability and reduced transport lengths for both mass and charge transport (short diffusion distance) [5]. In addition, the HCNSs also possess micropores, allowing small molecules to diffuse in and out through the carbon-shell [6].…”