Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxyl-Substituted Polyanilines Doped with Halogenated Acids: Combining Conductivity with Solubility

Vicentini, Denice Schulz; Salvatierra, Rodrigo V.; Zarbin, Aldo J. G.; Dutra, Luiz G.; Sá, Marcus M.

doi:10.5935/0103-5053.20140173

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…; 35,26,29 and 2, -the longer aliphatic leg of the quaternary ammonium compound was to incorporate a carboxylic acid functional group: known for improving the compound's solubility. 36,37 These criteria led to the synthesis of compounds QBr1, QBr2 and QBr3. Figure 2 displays the structures of the synthesized quaternary ammonium additives employed in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexing Additives to Reduce the Immiscible Phase Formed in the Hybrid ZnBr₂Flow Battery

Bryans

McMillan

Spicer

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The zinc-bromine redox flow battery (RFB) is one of a very few commercially viable RFB energy storage systems capable of integration with intermittent renewable energy sources to deliver improved energy management. However, due to the volatility of the electrogenerated bromine and potential for its crossover from positive to negative electrolytes, this system requires the use of quaternary ammonium complexes (N-methyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium, (MEP)) to capture this bromine. This produces an immiscible phase with the Br 2 which requires a complex network of pipes, pumps and automated controls to ensure access to the electroactive material during discharge. In this work, the use of novel quaternary ammonium complexes to capture the electrogenerated bromine but to keep it in the aqueous phase is examined. Three compounds, 1-(carboxymethyl) pyridine-1-ium, 1-(2-carboxymethyl)-1-methylmorpholin-1-ium and 1-(2-carboxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium, were found to successfully reduce the volume of the immiscible phase formed on complexing with the polybromide (Br x − ) whilst displaying similar enthalpy of vaporization values as that of MEP . Electrochemical analysis also revealed that these compounds did not impact on the electrode kinetics of the Br − /Br x − reaction indicating that the resulting surface film formed with these compounds behaved as a chemically modified electrode, in contrast to the surface film formed with MEP. Renewable energy features in many countries' energy agendas. Current political focus seeks to reduce carbon emissions, as agreed by the Paris Agreement, by using energy more efficiently and to have power generation from zero carbon technologies.1 Installed capacity of renewable energy sources have increased over the decade to 2014 by 175 GW for solar and by 322 GW for wind.2 This increase in capacity has impacted on the global share of energy from renewable sources (excluding hydropower) from 2.2% (2004) to 9.7% (2013) with many countries promising to accelerate their installation of these technologies in the coming years.3 However, energy supplied from renewable sources is often intermittent and can fluctuate depending on weather and location. 4,5 This creates a problem in that energy can be generated in excess or in deficit in relation to energy demand. To solve this issue, energy storage is required to balance these peaks and troughs in order to stabilize energy flow into the electrical grid. This would lead to a better management of renewable sources. 6 Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are one means of achieving large scale energy storage which can provide a more efficient link between energy production and energy demand. This type of battery system has the advantage of having a lower cost, a low level of self-discharge and is considered to have a much safer operation compared to other battery systems such as the sodium sulfur and lithium ion batteries. 7,8 Additionally, as with all batteries, it has the advantage of being more flexible and mobile in relation to pumped hydro and compressed air t...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexing Additives to Reduce the Immiscible Phase Formed in the Hybrid ZnBr₂Flow Battery

Bryans

McMillan

Spicer

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…ese images showed irregularly arranged grainy particles, which tended to form small clusters. Such granular morphology has been observed in PANI powders prepared by chemical oxidation [66].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Unravelling the Methylene Blue Adsorption Mechanism on Doped and Nondoped Polyaniline: A Combined Molecular Modeling and Experimental Investigation

Djellali

Touati

Semmeq

et al. 2022

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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A multiscale investigation including computational chemistry calculations and experimental studies was performed to elucidate and understand the methylene blue (MB) adsorption on polyaniline (PANI) from an aqueous solution. Static DFT and DFT-based ab initio molecular dynamics were used to characterize the intermolecular interactions of this dye molecule with nondoped and doped PANI. Experimental adsorption studies at different operating conditions were performed to complement the mechanism analysis of this adsorption system. Infrared spectroscopy studies and ab initio calculations showed the important role of π-π stacking and van der Waals interactions for the dye adsorption on PANI. Experimental results of MB adsorption on the PANI surface indicated that alkaline conditions were more favorable than acidic conditions where the MB adsorption capacity ranged from 9.91 mg/g at pH 1.8 to 23.16 mg/g at pH 10.9. Equilibrium adsorption studies with nondoped PANI revealed a fast removal of the dye molecules where the equilibrium adsorption was reached after 45 minutes. The kinetic parameters were calculated with the pseudo-second and pseudo-first order models, while the adsorption mechanism was analyzed using the intraparticle diffusion, Boyd, and Elovich models. Dye adsorption equilibrium was studied at pH 8 and 30 °C where Temkin, Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models as well as a statistical physics monolayer model were employed in data analysis. The saturation dye adsorption capacity was 40.2 mg/g where an inclined adsorption orientation of dye molecules on the PANI surface could be expected with an adsorption energy of 14.0 kJ/mol. This interaction energy clearly indicated that only physical interactions were involved in the MB dye adsorption mechanism, which was also confirmed by the calculations with the D-R isotherm model. These theoretical and experimental results are important to understand the dye adsorption properties of conductive polymers and to consolidate their application in the synthesis of new adsorbents and composites for water treatment.

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“…The PAnA/Au system was developed in order to use a dopamine sensor [12]. It was documented [13] how the halogenated acid dopant changed the electrical conductivity of carboxyl substituted PANI. AnA's polymerization was initiated using FeCl3, and studies on its solar cell have been documented in the literature [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization and thermal studies of NIR fluorescent probe based on Poly(anthranilicacid)/Sand nanocomposite

Anbarasan,

Kenet,

Jancirani

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Electrically conducting polymers are increasingly being used as NIR fluorescence probes in the area of biomedical engineering via the application of a structural modification process. Peroxydisulphate (PDS) initiated the chemical polymerization process of anthranilicacid (AnA) in a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 0 to 5 oC. Rosebengal (RB) was used as an end capping agent, and vigorous stirring was maintained with and without sand. The produced polymer and its nanocomposite were examined using instruments for UV-visible, TGA, DSC, SEM, EDX, FTIR, CV, FES, HRTEM, and XRD. The thermal stability of the resulting polymers was investigated using non-isothermal degradation kinetics. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameter values were determined. In the 3% weight Sand loaded PAnA system, a conductivity value of 4.31x10− 2 S/cm was recorded, signifying a 90.3% yield percentage. Sand was added, and this resulted in an increase in the rate of polymerization (Rp). The PAnA/Sand nanocomposite system has a higher photo-conversion efficiency of 1.49 percent as compared to the RB end capped PAnA system. The experimental results are scrutinized closely and compared to values reported in the literature.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxyl-Substituted Polyanilines Doped with Halogenated Acids: Combining Conductivity with Solubility

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Complexing Additives to Reduce the Immiscible Phase Formed in the Hybrid ZnBr₂Flow Battery

Complexing Additives to Reduce the Immiscible Phase Formed in the Hybrid ZnBr₂Flow Battery

Unravelling the Methylene Blue Adsorption Mechanism on Doped and Nondoped Polyaniline: A Combined Molecular Modeling and Experimental Investigation

Synthesis, characterization and thermal studies of NIR fluorescent probe based on Poly(anthranilicacid)/Sand nanocomposite

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Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxyl-Substituted Polyanilines Doped with Halogenated Acids: Combining Conductivity with Solubility

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Complexing Additives to Reduce the Immiscible Phase Formed in the Hybrid ZnBr2Flow Battery

Complexing Additives to Reduce the Immiscible Phase Formed in the Hybrid ZnBr2Flow Battery

Unravelling the Methylene Blue Adsorption Mechanism on Doped and Nondoped Polyaniline: A Combined Molecular Modeling and Experimental Investigation

Synthesis, characterization and thermal studies of NIR fluorescent probe based on Poly(anthranilicacid)/Sand nanocomposite

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Complexing Additives to Reduce the Immiscible Phase Formed in the Hybrid ZnBr₂Flow Battery

Complexing Additives to Reduce the Immiscible Phase Formed in the Hybrid ZnBr₂Flow Battery