Synthesis and characterization of CaO/CaCO3 from quail eggshell waste by solid state reaction process

Supriyanto, Nicky Suwandhy Widhi; Sukarni, Sukarni; Puspitasari, Poppy; Permanasari, Avita Ayu

doi:10.1063/1.5115670

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Small particles are observed because large amounts of CO 2 gas escaped during calcination (800°C) when CaCO 3 was decomposed to CO 2 and CaO [53]. Supriyanto et al reported similar results showing that exposure to high temperatures results in chicken eggshell ash-derived CaO having more porosity than eggshell due to the release of CO 2 [54]. e SEM image in Figure 7(b) shows interconnected particles of irregular shapes and sizes and tiny crystals embedded in the particles caused by the heterogeneous arrangement in the mechanical properties of the sample which plays a significant role in the activity of the catalyst [24,55].…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscope-elemental Dispersive X-ray (Sem-edx)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Comparison of CaO-NPs and Chicken Eggshell-Derived CaO in the Production of Biodiesel from Schinziophyton rautanenii (Mongongo) Nut Oil

Mmusi

Odisitse

Nareetsile

2021

Journal of Chemistry

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The ever-increasing population growth and economic developments have heightened demand for energy. This has resulted in depletion and ever-rising prices of petroleum diesel, thus increasing environmental degradation. These complications have motivated this study for the search of an alternative eco-friendly and renewable source of energy such as biodiesel. Biodiesel has been found to be a potential alternative fuel for diesel. Biodiesel was produced by transesterification reaction of Schinziophyton rautanenii (mongongo) nut oil in the presence of a base heterogeneous catalyst: CaO derived from eggshell ash and synthesised CaO-nanoparticles (CaO-NPs). The catalysts were calcined at a temperature of 800°C for 3 h and characterized by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) where both catalysts showed agglomerated particles and high elemental composition of Ca and O. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that CaO was present in both catalysts, and the average crystalline size obtained was 42 and 50 nm for CaO-NPs and eggshell ash, respectively. Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) spectrometer showed absorption bands of CaO in both catalysts which were at 875 and 713.46 cm−1 for CaO-NPs and eggshell ash, respectively. The analysis of mongongo nut oil (MNO) and mongongo methyl esters (MMEs) was done according to the European biodiesel specification (EN 1421) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D675). Statistically, there was no significant difference between CaO-NPs and eggshell in terms of optimum yield ( P > 0.05 ) using a sample t-test. However, in terms of catalyst loading, the eggshell was a better catalyst as it required a low catalyst load to obtain an optimum yield of 83% at 6 wt.% compared to CaO-NPs with an optimum yield of 85% at 12 wt.%. The reactions were all performed at constant reaction conditions of 9 : 1 methanol to oil ratio, 3 h reaction time, and 65°C reaction temperature.

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Section: Scanning Electron Microscope-elemental Dispersive X-ray (Sem-edx)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Comparison of CaO-NPs and Chicken Eggshell-Derived CaO in the Production of Biodiesel from Schinziophyton rautanenii (Mongongo) Nut Oil

Mmusi

Odisitse

Nareetsile

2021

Journal of Chemistry

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“…After ball mill process, drying was done at temperature 110 °C for 1 hour [15]. The next process is crushing for 1 hour [8]. After crushing, sintering process has been done at temperature 1000 °C for 2 hours [7].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After crushing, sintering process has been done at temperature 1000 °C for 2 hours [7]. After sintering, do crushing for 1 hour [8]. The characterization process aims to identify phase, morphology, elemental composition, and functional groups using XRD (PanAnalytical E'xpert Pro), SEM-EDX (FEI Inspect-S50), and FTIR (Shimadzu IRPrestige21).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intensity, FWHM, d-spacing, and crystallite size are shown in Table 1. The crystallite size was calculated using Scherrer (1) as [8,15]:…”

Section: Phase Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because the amount of egg consumption by the Indonesian people is quite high, besides that the shell waste is also produced from the remnants of the hatchery in the chicken nursery industry [7]. Another reason is because the egg production in Indonesia increases each year, for example, the production of quail egg in 2013 was 18,936 tons then increases to 25,272 tons in 2017 [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of physical properties and compressibility of avian eggshell nanopowders in solid state reaction

et al. 2021

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Eggshell is bioceramic material that produces by avian that commonly contains of 94 % calcium carbonate, 1 % magnesium carbonate, 1 % calcium phosphate, and 4 % other organic element. This study proposed to investigate the synthesis and characterization of avian eggshell powders. The avian eggshell that used in this study involved chicken, duck, and quail eggshells. The characterization of avian eggshell nanopowder for reducing their grain size from micro to nano involved ball milling process (solid state reaction) with the variation of milling times (3, 5, and 7 hours) and sintering temperature at 1000 oC for 2 hours. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test presented the phase characterization of quail eggshell nanopowder which ball-milled for 7 hours, obtained the smallest crystallite size at 19.2 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test presented the morphological analysis that showed changes in grain size and shape of each variety of the avian eggshell such as spherical, oval, wormlike, cubical, triangular, and some irregular grains. Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) test presented the compound in avian eggshell powders that showed Ca and O level were the highest, while C was the lowest level. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) test presented the possibility of the functional group of the avian eggshell powders that showed Ca-O, Ca=O groups, CaCO3, asymmetric C-O, -CO3, amide, C=O, -OH, alkyl CH, and C-H. While compressibility shown the increase along with the decrease of crystallite and particles size in cubical grain. The highest compression ratio is 67.75 % for chicken eggshell nano powder with 5 hours milling time at 2000 kgf of compression loading

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Shells and Other Calcium Carbonate-Based Waste

Baláž

2021

Environmental Mechanochemistry

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Synthesis and characterization of CaO/CaCO3 from quail eggshell waste by solid state reaction process

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Comparison of CaO-NPs and Chicken Eggshell-Derived CaO in the Production of Biodiesel from Schinziophyton rautanenii (Mongongo) Nut Oil

Comparison of CaO-NPs and Chicken Eggshell-Derived CaO in the Production of Biodiesel from Schinziophyton rautanenii (Mongongo) Nut Oil

Analysis of physical properties and compressibility of avian eggshell nanopowders in solid state reaction

Shells and Other Calcium Carbonate-Based Waste

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