Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Hydroxide from Indonesian Limestone as Endodontic Intracanal Medicament

Abstract

Calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH)2] has been the gold standard for endodontic medicament as inter-appointment dressing, due to its ability to act as antimicrobial agent and to promote hard tissue healing. The main mechanism of this material is the release of Ca2+ and OH- ions through its vehicle, providing high alkaline pH. Indonesia, has many potential resources, namely limestone (CaCO3), that can be utilized as raw material for Ca (OH)2. The objective of this present study is to investigate the synthesis and characterization of Ca (OH)2 from Indonesian limestone as endodontic intra-canal medicament. Limestone were taken from Palimanan area in West Java, Indonesia. CaCO3 was calcined at 900°C for 4h resulting CaO powder. CaO powder were mixed with distilled water using a rotary stirrer for 24h and produce Ca (OH)2 paste. The Ca (OH)2 paste was dried at 80°C, then crushed using a mortar and pestle to obtain Ca (OH)2 powder. The powder samples were thus subjected for characterization by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The XRD patterns revealed that the high peak of Ca (OH)2 crystallinity was successfully achieved in this study. The FTIR spectroscopy also showed bands at 3640 cm-1 which belongs to OH- stretching vibration of the Ca (OH)2. The results indicate that the synthesize of Indonesian limestone as Ca (OH)2 by this method was attained. Indonesian limestone is a potential raw material that can be used as a precursor for synthesis of Ca (OH)2 as endodontic material.

Carbonation inhibitor by polyethylene glycol encapsulation of calcium hydroxide fine particles to improve antimicrobial and root canal penetration properties

“…SP88857105, USA) for 1 h at a speed of 300 rpm, 50 °C. The Ca(OH) 2 paste was dried at 120 °C, then crushed using a mortar and pestle and sieved using 400 mesh to obtain a powder of Ca(OH) 2 Palimanan (CaP) [ 17 ]. The fine particle of Ca(OH) 2 powder was obtained by beads milling the CaP powder for 4 h with different active agents and medium in each group ( Fig.…”

“…Ca(OH) 2 transforms to CaCO 3 when in contact with air, and this carbonation process increases as environmental humidity rises [ 15 , 16 ]. Our previous study successfully synthesized Ca(OH) 2 from natural limestone in Palimanan area in West Java, Indonesia [ 17 ]. This Palimanan Ca(OH) 2 (CaP), was further optimized by reducing its particle size through a wet beads milling process.…”

Evaluation of calcium ion release in calcium hydroxide prototype as intracanal medicament

“…In this way, limestone can be utilized in the medical field, such as material research for clinical applications and its development in the manufacture of materials to increase the economic value of limestone itself. 8, 9 The Palimanan limestone has been successfully synthesized and characterized by our previous study, however improvement and in vitro evaluations regarding its physical/mechanical properties is yet to be carried out. Ca(OH) 2 can be applied as inter appointment dressing, as well as pulp capping agent, therefore, additional material such as retarders, accelerators, radiopacifier or modification on its particle size must be adjusted according to its clinical application needs.…”

“…The basic mechanism of a spectrophotometer is the light absorption as a beer-lambert law which states that when a beam of light is passed through a transparent cell containing a solution will be absorbed. 9 A spectrophotometer runs by using a solution and measure the absorbance at the right wavelength. The selected wavelength is usually the maximum absorption wavelength (λmax), if there is a small error in setting the wavelength scale then there is an effect on the absorbance measurement.…”

Microstructural tuning and band gap engineering of calcium hydroxides: a novel approach by pH variation

“…[ 13 ] There has been no similar study reported to date for calcium hydroxide nanoparticles synthesized by the chemical precipitation route. Thus, calcium hydroxide is also used as an endodontic intra‐canal medicament [ 14 ] and in endodontic treatment. [ 15 ] There are numerous pH formulations reported for calcium hydroxide with chlorhexidine digluconate.…”