Synthesis and characterization of asphalt composite precursors using amorphous rice husk silica

Sembiring, Simon; Situmeang, Rudy; Sembiring, Zipora

doi:10.1590/0366-69132019653742497

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In some poorly organised carbons, a peak may appear below the inter-graphene diffraction peak at 2θ~20-26 • , typically at 2θ~10-13 • (values for a Cu X-ray source) [15]. XRD has widely been used in the literature to account for stacking disorder, with stacking faults being defined as the absence of ABAB (Bernal) stacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The X-ray, Raman and TEM Signatures of Cellulose-Derived Carbons Explained

Mubari

Beguerie

Monthioux

et al. 2022

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Structural properties of carbonized cellulose were explored to conjugate the outcomes from various characterization techniques, namely X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. All these techniques have evidenced the formation of graphene stacks with a size distribution. Cellulose carbonized at 1000 and 1800 °C at a heating rate of 2 °C/min showed meaningful differences in Raman spectroscopy, whereas in XRD, the differences were not well pronounced, which implies that the crystallite sizes calculated by each technique have different significations. In the XRD patterns, the origin of a specific feature at a low scattering angle commonly reported in the literature but poorly explained so far, was identified. The different approaches used in this study were congruous in explaining the observations that were made on the cellulose-derived carbon samples. The remnants of the basic structural unit (BSU) are developed during primary carbonization. Small graphene-based crystallites inherited from the BSUs, which formerly developed during primary carbonization, were found to coexist with larger ones. Even if the three techniques give information on the average size of graphenic domains, they do not see the same characteristics of the domains; hence, they are not identical, nor contradictory but complementary. The arguments developed in the work to explain which characteristics are deduced from the signal obtained by each of the three characterization techniques relate to physics phenomena; hence, they are quite general and, therefore, are valid for all kind of graphenic materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The X-ray, Raman and TEM Signatures of Cellulose-Derived Carbons Explained

Mubari

Beguerie

Monthioux

et al. 2022

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“…Associated with the raw material and synthesis method, the silica from rice husks, in the form of sols, has been obtained with a relatively high silica content and purity [15], which indicates that rice husks have great potential, so that the silica can be utilised directly by the sol-gel method. Regarding the use of rice husk silica, we have conducted several studies in the preparation of materials, including cordierite [32][33][34][35][36], borosilicate [37], mullite [38][39], forsterite [40][41], aluminosilicate [42][43], carbosil [44], and silica-bitumen composites [45][46][47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Properties of Silver-Silica Composite Prepared From Rice Husk Silica and Silver Nitrate

Sembiring¹

2022

Ceramics - Silikaty

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This research characterises the structure and physical properties of silver/silica (Ag/SiO 2 ) composites using silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) and rice husk silica sols as precursors. The Ag/SiO 2 composites were produced with different AgNO 3 concentrations (0.3-0.8 M) heated to a temperature of 850 °C. All the composites were fully characterised in the solid state via various techniques; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microcopy/ Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Thermal Gravimetry Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA) were used to investigate the effects of changes in the sol concentration on the crystalline of Ag/SiO 2 composites. In addition, a Particle Size Analysis (PSA) and a UV-visible technique were used to measure the particle size distribution and band gap energy, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed cristobalite and Ag face-centre-cubic (fcc) structures, indicating the deposition of the Ag particles on the SiO 2 surfaces. The particle size distributions were found to be in a range of 0.01-0.42 µm and 0.49-3.43 µm, followed the band gap energies in a range of 1.97 to 2.17 eV, and 3.63 to 3.57 eV. As a result, the Ag/SiO 2 composite promises to be a great biomedical material degrading high antibacterial properties.

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“…The second broad peak that appeared in ∼ 41.5˚is originated from the in-plane alignment of benzene rings. [78][79][80][81] This peak is also dramatically decreased in the SPDVB sample compared to PDVB. It could also happen due to the functionalization of benzene rings by ─SO 3 H groups and different substitutions of sulfonic groups for hydrogen atoms in the rings, as confirmed by changes of 700-1000 cm −1 in FTIR of SPDVB (Figure S1, Supporting Information), leading to the increased in-plane disorder.…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervention‐Free Graphitization of Carbon Microspheres from a Non‐Graphitizing Polymer at Low Temperature: Nanopores as Dynamic Nanoreactors

Afzalalghom,

Beitollahi,

Mirkazemi

et al. 2024

Small

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Graphitizability of organic precursors is the topic of numerous investigations due to the wide applications of graphitic materials in the industry and emerging technologies of supercapacitors, batteries, etc. Most polymers, such as polydivinyl benzene (PDVB) are classified as non‐graphitizings that do not convert to Graphite even after heating to 3000℃. Here, for the first time, the development of graphitic structure in the hierarchal porous sulfonated‐PDVB microspheres without employing specific equipment or additives like metal catalysts, organic ingredients, or graphite particles, at 1100°C is reported. The abnormal additive‐free graphitic structure formation is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy (ID/IG = 0.87), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and selected area diffraction patterns (SAED), as well as x‐ray diffraction patterns (XRD), while preservation of aromatic compounds from the carbonization is detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Polymer evolution from room temperature to 1100°C is also studied by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and XRD techniques. Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that the hierarchal and complicated ink‐bottle pore network with a high surface area besides super micropores in the sulfonated‐PDVB microspheres has served as nano‐sized reaction media. These pores, hereafter referred as “dynamic nanoreactors”, are expected to have confined the in‐situ produced thermal decomposition products containing broken bond benzene rings, while changing dimensionally and structurally during the designed carbonization regime. This confinement has led to the benzene rings fusion at 250°C, a remarkable extension of them at 450°C, their growth to graphene sheets at 900°C and finally, the stacking of curved graphene layers at 1100°C. The results of this research put stress on the capability of nanopores as nanoreactors to facilitate reactions of decomposition products at low temperatures and ambient pressures to form stacked layers of graphene; A transformation that normally requires catalysts and very high pressures for only specific polyaromatic hydrocarbons.

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Synthesis and characterization of asphalt composite precursors using amorphous rice husk silica

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

The X-ray, Raman and TEM Signatures of Cellulose-Derived Carbons Explained

The X-ray, Raman and TEM Signatures of Cellulose-Derived Carbons Explained

Structure and Properties of Silver-Silica Composite Prepared From Rice Husk Silica and Silver Nitrate

Intervention‐Free Graphitization of Carbon Microspheres from a Non‐Graphitizing Polymer at Low Temperature: Nanopores as Dynamic Nanoreactors

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