Synthesis and characterization of anatase TiO₂ nanolayer coating on Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite powders for magnetic photocatalyst

Abstract

In the current research, we successfully prepared TiO2/Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite composite powder for magnetic photocatalyst. The core Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite powder was synthesized using the steel pickling liquor and the waste solution of electroplating as the starting materials. The shell TiO2 nanocrystal was prepared by sol-gel hydrolysis precipitation of titanium isopropoxide [Ti(OC3H7)4] on the Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite powder followed by heat treatment. From transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image, the thickness of the titania shell was found to be approximately 5 nm. The core of Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite is spherical or elliptical shape, and the particle size of the core is in the range of 70–110 nm. The magnetic Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite nanopowder is uniformly encapsulated in a titania layer forming core-shell structure of TiO2/Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite powder. The degradation efficiency for methylene blue (MB) increases with magnetic photocatalyst (TiO2/Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite powder) content. When the magnetic photocatalyst content is 0.40 g in 150 mL of MB, the photocatalytic activity reached the largest value. With a further increase in the content of magnetic photocatalyst, the degradation efficiency slightly decreased. This occurs because the ultraviolet (UV) illumination is covered by catalysts, which were suspended in the methylene blue solution and resulted in the inhibition in the photocatalytic reaction. The photocatalytic degradation result for the relationship between MB concentration and illumination revealed a pseudo first-order kinetic model of the degradation with the limiting rate constant of 1.717 mg/L·min and equilibrium adsorption constant 0.0627 L/mg. Furthermore, the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model can be used to describe the degradation reaction, which suggests that the rate-determining step is surface reaction rather than adsorption is in photocatalytic degradation.

Catalytic activity of surface‐functionalized nanoscale nickel zinc multiferrites: potential vector for water purification

“…Much research effort has been committed around the globe to develop magnetic nanophotocatalysts owing to their exceptional qualities such as surface area, nanosize, magnetic recoverability and sustainability . The unique character of magnetic particles as photocatalysts arises from their simplistic elimination from reaction solutions, even those with huge amounts, with the help of magnets . This saves the expensive process required for complex treatment practices such as filtration/centrifugation.…”

Degradation of FBL Dye Wastewater by Magnetic Photocatalysts from Scraps

“…The sample sintered at 500 ∘ C showed the highest activity for the degradation of an acridine dye aqueous solution, with the optimal supporting amount of TiO 2 approximating 50%. Fu et al [34] successfully prepared TiO 2 /NiCuZn ferrite composite powder as a magnetic photocatalyst. The core NiCuZn ferrite powder was synthesized using waste material from steel and electroplating industries.…”

“…The shell of the TiO 2 nanocrystal was prepared by a sol-gel hydrolysis method of titanium isopropoxide with NiCuZn ferrite powder, followed by heat treatment. In their study [34], the optimum dosage of the magnetic photocatalyst was 2.67 g/L for treating a methylene blue solution.…”

Synthesis and Application of Magnetic Photocatalyst of Ni-Zn Ferrite/TiO2from IC Lead Frame Scraps

“…For example, Chen and Zhao [32] ∘ C displayed the highest degradation activity for acridine dye aqueous solution, with the optimal TiO 2 supporting amount approximating 50%. Fu et al [34] successfully prepared TiO 2 /NiCuZn ferrite composite powder as a magnetic photocatalyst. The core NiCuZn ferrite powder was synthesized with the waste material from steel and electroplating industries.…”