Synthesis and Characterization of an Efficient Hole-Conductor Free Halide Perovskite CH₃NH₃PbI₃Semiconductor Absorber Based Photovoltaic Device for IOT

Abstract

Organometal halide perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) absorber was synthesized from CH 3 NH 3 I and PbI 2 in N, N dimethylformamide by solution spin coating process. Characterization by X-ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy studies confirmed a wellformed nano-crystalline tetragonal pervoskite structure. The synthesized CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 was used as a photo absorber material in a hole-conductor free photovoltaic device with TiO 2 as an electron conductor. This configuration of the perovskite photovoltaic device exploits the role of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 simultaneously as light absorber and hole-conducting material. We report two device configurations: (a) with a compact TiO 2 buffer layer introduced between the porous TiO 2 and FTO and (b) without the compact TiO 2 layer over the FTO substrate. The simple solar cell structure FTO/TiO 2 /CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /Agpresented here shows good photovoltaic performance under illumination with standard AM1.5 sunlight. For the champion devices from the two structures, (a) and (b), we obtained short circuit photocurrent densities asJ sc = 17.4 mA/cm 2 and 19.5 mA/cm 2 , open circuit voltage V oc = 1.0 V and 1.45 V, fill factor FF = 0.54 and 0.29 and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.39% and 8.19% respectively under solar light intensity flux of 100 mW/cm 2 . We find that structure (a) offers significantly better device parameters. The results of the present work suggest a route to realize a simple, low cost and highly efficient perovskite photovoltaic device. These devices could be realized in miniaturized sensors and electronic components applied in Internet of Things (IoT). Flexible and miniaturization of electronic devices has led the fast expansion of the personal information, point-of-care detection of diseases through a boom in the IoT. The search for clean and renewable alternative sources of energy to the existing power production methods is enormously important to protect the global environment and assuring continuous economic growth.1 Our environment provides many possible energy resources that can conveniently be harvested to power electronic applications. Solar energy is undoubtedly one of the most abundant renewable energy resource with no environmental risks. Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOPs) with general formula ABX 3 (where A is a cation, B is divalent metal ion and X is halide) are a class of semiconductor materials with potential to deliver low cost and more efficient solar cells than the existing siliconbased technology. These materials exhibit remarkable and diverse opto-electronic properties including higher absorption coefficient (10 4 cm −1 at 550 nm), 2 longer diffusion lengths (over one micron) both for holes and electrons, 3,4 ambipolar charge transport and the most important property of bandgap tunability with the halide content. 5,6 To date HOPs have been applied in various fields including photovoltaics, light emitting diodes, solar to fuel energy conversion devices etc. However, the current photonics based technological advancements ...

Synthesis and characterization of MAPbI3 thin film and its application in C-Si/perovskite tandem solar cell

“…A comparison between the conversion efficiency of the present study and the efficiency of previous studies based on different parameters is shown in Table 2. The tandem device prepared in this study recorded less efficiency compared to the references [35,36,51], this attributed to several reasons, including the large active area and the use of an inverted structure to prepare the device. In addition, the reason for the emergence of pinholes in the perovskite film led to a decrease in the performance of the device.…”

“…The tandem device recorded higher efficiency compared to perovskite and silicon devices. Kanda et al [51] Al/C-Silicon/ITO/Spiro-OMeTAD/MAPbI 3 /TiO 2 /FTO glass 0.09 12.7 Albrecht et al [35] Ag/AZO/C-Silicon/SnO 2 /MAPbI 3 /Spiro-OMeTAD/MoO 3 /ITO glass 0.25 16.1 Kanda et al [36] Al/C-Silicon/ITO/IZO/MoO 3 /Spiro-OMeTAD/MAPbI 3 /m-TiO 2 /C-TiO 2 /FTO glass 0.09 13.9…”

“…where, (K) is constant, (λ) is the wavelength of x-ray, which is equal to 0.15406 nm, (β) is the full-width at half-maximum, and (θ) is Bragg angle [36]. The perovskite film lattice parameters were estimated as a = b = 8.8762 Å and c = 12.6383 Å.…”

Bi and Sn Doping Improved the Structural, Optical and Photovoltaic Properties of MAPbI3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

“…By contrast, dislocation line density (δ) describes the defects or irregularities of the crystalline structure. Where dislocation line density is used to calculate the number of flaws in a sample, a lower δ value means that the film is of higher quality [ 36 ].…”

Review—Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Functional Materials: An Integrated Platform for Applied Technologies

“…251,252 However, simply physically mixing CP and NC often results in micro-scale phase segregation, thus limiting the resulting device performance. [253][254] In addition, the insulating organic ligands capped on the NC surface hinder the electronic interaction with CPs. As a result, the ability to directly tether CPs on the NC surface would be an elegant means of achieving the intimate contact between CPs and NCs to prevent such microscopic aggregation.…”