Synthesis and characterization of a novel class of low temperature cure Benzoxazines

Arumugam, Hariharan; Srinivasan, K.; Murthy, C. N.; Alagar, M.

doi:10.1007/s10965-017-1423-0

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The intermediate species formed were several inter- and intra- molecular rearranged products [ 272 ]. Bisphenol F acts as a better catalyst than BA which may be due to differential electron donating capability of methylene vs isopropylidene bridge in biphenols [ 273 ]. A very high loading (~40 wt%) of phenolic compound, cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), in BA-a led to a decrease in both T p and Δ H from 216 °C and 246 J g −1 to 197 °C and 194 J g −1 [ 274 ].…”

Section: Acceleration Of the Rate Of Polymerization Via Intermolecular Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electron-withdrawing groups promote the thermally accelerated ROP with a reduction in E a by increasing the bond length and lowering the bond energy of C-O on an oxazine ring. Electron withdrawing groups at the p -position of both aromatic rings of PH-a, viz., nitro, formyl, chlorine and carboxylic, methacrylol, coumarin, etc., affect polymerization temperature [ 11 , 138 , 273 , 292 , 323 ].…”

Section: Acceleration Of the Rate Of Polymerization Via Intramolecular Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

et al. 2021

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Due to their outstanding and versatile properties, polybenzoxazines have quickly occupied a great niche of applications. Developing the ability to polymerize benzoxazine resin at lower temperatures than the current capability is essential in taking advantage of these exceptional properties and remains to be most challenging subject in the field. The current review is classified into several parts to achieve this goal. In this review, fundamentals on the synthesis and evolution of structure, which led to classification of PBz in different generations, are discussed. Classifications of PBzs are defined depending on building block as well as how structure is evolved and property obtained. Progress on the utility of biobased feedstocks from various bio-/waste-mass is also discussed and compared, wherever possible. The second part of review discusses the probable polymerization mechanism proposed for the ring-opening reactions. This is complementary to the third section, where the effect of catalysts/initiators has on triggering polymerization at low temperature is discussed extensively. The role of additional functionalities in influencing the temperature of polymerization is also discussed. There has been a shift in paradigm beyond the lowering of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) temperature and other areas of interest, such as adaptation of molecular functionality with simultaneous improvement of properties.

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Section: Acceleration Of the Rate Of Polymerization Via Intermolecular Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acceleration Of the Rate Of Polymerization Via Intramolecular Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

et al. 2021

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“…The homo polymerization temperature (Tp) of benzoxazine (C-a) was observed at 275 o C from the appearance of exothermic peak (Fig. 2), which is signi cantly higher than that of conventional benzoxazines, normally they cure over the range of temperature between 220 o C and 260 o C. (Hariharan et al 2017b) , (Ručigaj et al 2015;Zeng et al 2019;Zhan et al 2020) The homo polymerisation of DGEBA is observed at 390 o C (Figure S1) in the absence of any catalyst/curatives.…”

Section: Curing Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 94%

Rice husk and saw dust reinforced hybridized blends of bio-benzoxazine/epoxy based composites: Thermal, Mechanical, and Acoustic Absorption Properties

Arumugam

Krishnasamy

Dilip

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The prime objective of the present work is to develop bio-wastes (rice husk and saw dust) reinforced composites with varying weight percentages composition of hybridized blend made from bio-based cardanol-melamine, cardanol-aniline benzoxazine and epoxy resin (bio-benzoxazine : epoxy resin 0:100 and 50:50 wt%)for acoustic proof applications. The breakthrough achieved in the present work is the cardanol benzoxazine is made in the form of hybrid matrix with epoxy resin, which cures significantly at lower temperature of 1050C in the absence of any curatives and also cures at room temperature in the presence of isophorone diamine curative,whereas the cardanol-melamine and cardanol-aniline based benzoxazines cure at very high temperature of 221˚C and 275 ˚C respectively. The low temperature cure behaviour achieved in the present work facilitates the amenable fabrication of bio-composites using both low heat resistant bio-based reinforcements and high temperature cure bio-benzoxazines for making cost competitive green building materials. Cardanol-melamine (C-m) and cardanol-aniline (C-a) based benzoxazines were synthesised using cardanol separately with melamine (m) and aniline (a) in the presence of paraformaldehyde under suitable experimental conditions. The benzoxazine (C-m and C-a) obtained was blended with varying weight percentages of bisphenol-A epoxy (DGEBA) resin separately followed by reinforcing with rice husk and saw dust and then cured at room temperature with stoichiometric quantity of isophorone diamine to obtain corresponding hybrid bio-composites. Mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus, percentage elongation and hardness), thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, and sound absorption coefficient were studied as per standard methods. Results obtained from different studies infer that hybrid blended cardanol benzoxazine composite panels reinforced with rice husk and saw dust possess appreciable thermal, mechanical and acoustic properties. Data obtained from acoustic studies, it was observed that the highest value of sound absorption coefficient of 6400 Hz was noticed for composite specimens developed using both rice husk and saw dust reinforced with hybridized blend of bio-benzoxazine (50wt%) and epoxy resin (50wt%) and these hybrid composite panels can be used as sound absorption material in the ceiling and wall construction applications.

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“…When the oxazine rings reacted with each other, the BOZ cured resins can be obtained without byproducts, meanwhile, the BOZ resins exhibit near-zero shrinkage during the polymerization process. This endowed BOZ resins with superior mechanical properties, 1,2 much stable chemical resistances, and lower cost in comparison with conventional phenolic resins. 3,4 In view of this, BOZ can be widely used as engineering materials in many fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,22 Moreover, when blending with bismaleimides (BMIs), the hydroxyl group can be produced by the ring opening process of BOZ monomer, which can further catalyze the reaction of BMI, thus, the BOZ/BMI copolymer with more dense and uniform structure. 23 –25…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a benzoxazine monomer contained hyperbranched polysiloxane and the characteristics of its polymer alloys blend with bismaleimides

Jia

Liu

Shi

et al. 2019

High Performance Polymers

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A novel benzoxazine monomer contained hyperbranched polysiloxane structure (HBPSi-BOZ) was synthesized via a solvent process based on the polyformaldehyde, aniline, and a new hyperbranched polysiloxane with terminal amino groups (HBPSi-NH2). The HBPSi-BOZ was then used as modified phase to blend with bismaleimides (BMIs) resin, and a polymer alloy HBPSi-BOZ/BMI was successfully prepared. The thermal resistant properties, mechanical properties, and tribological properties of HBPSi-BOZ/BMI resins with different contents of HBPSi-BOZ prepared were researched to get an optimal ratio. The thermogravimetric analysis was also carried out to study the polymerization process and stability of HBPSi-BOZ/BMI resins. The results showed that as the thermal resistance increased, the wear resistance and mechanical properties of HBPSi-BOZ/BMI resins were also enhanced.

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Synthesis and characterization of a novel class of low temperature cure Benzoxazines

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

Rice husk and saw dust reinforced hybridized blends of bio-benzoxazine/epoxy based composites: Thermal, Mechanical, and Acoustic Absorption Properties

Synthesis of a benzoxazine monomer contained hyperbranched polysiloxane and the characteristics of its polymer alloys blend with bismaleimides

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