Synthesis and characterization of a new bis-NHC palladium complex and its catalytic activity in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction

Pd/C embedded polystyrene fibers were successfully prepared by electrospinning. The polystyrene molecules were then cross‐linked by paraformaldehyde in sulfuric acid to improve the solvent resistance of composite fibers. SEM images conformed the preparation of uniform and smooth composite fibers. FT‐IR spectra demonstrated that the polystyrene molecules inside fibers have been sulphonated and crosslinked. Heck reactions were used to evaluate the catalytic performance of these novel composite fibers. The catalysis results show that this composite fiber mat catalyzed Heck reactions could be evidently promoted by using preferred reducing alcohol agent and solvent. Under the optimized reaction conditions, this composite fiber mat could effectively catalyze the Heck reactions of aromatic iodides with n‐butyl acrylate to afford the products with satisfied yields. Especially, compared with the particulate Pd/C catalyst, the separation and recycling of this fibrous catalyst from the reaction mixture were significantly improved due to the larger fibrous structure. At last, this fiber catalyst was successfully reused for eight times with little loss of initial catalytic activity, which was even better than the pristine Pd/C catalyst. Hence, embedment of particulate supported metal catalysts inside the crosslinked polystyrene fibers can effectively improve their catalytic performance and handiness.

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Pd/C embedded crosslinked polystyrene fibers as an efficient catalyst for Heck reactions

Xie

Peng

Luo

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Recent Advances on N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Palladium‐catalyzed Heck Reaction

2022

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Heck reaction is a synthetically important C−C bond forming coupling reaction happening between alkenes and aryl or vinyl halides catalyzed by palladium complexes to form substituted alkenes. This review focusses on the recent advancements in the development of various types of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands coupled with palladium catalyst that can catalyze Mizoroki‐Heck reactions. NHC ligands have unique characteristic nature, and hence widely used in homogeneous catalysis. Generally, they have good σ‐donating and sparingly π‐accepting properties. It is more stable and shows superior π‐accepting properties when compared to phosphine ligands that is under prominent studies. Thus, they can stabilize large extend of metal oxidation states and have high thermal stability. Most of the catalysts outlined here provide efficient and green synthetic route for the development of C−C coupled bond formations. The review encompasses literature from 2017 to 2021.

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Catalytic Advancements: Optimizing Pd-Based Cross-Coupling Reactions Through Flow Chemistry

Patel,

Ganesan,

Jain

2024

Org. Process Res. Dev.

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Flow chemistry is a method of conducting a reaction in continuous flow through channels by pumping the reactants into the system. This advanced method offers rapid and efficient mixing, precise control of reaction conditions, high-throughput screening, and rapid optimization of the reaction as compared to batch conditions. In the current times, various pharmaceutical intermediates are being produced efficiently using flow chemistry. One of the most important reactions emerging is the carbon− carbon cross coupling reaction using transition metal catalysis especially palladium. Cross-coupling reactions are vital in the creation of advanced materials with tailored properties desired for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. Over the years, numerous Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, such as Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, Mizoroki-Heck coupling, Sonogashira coupling, Stille coupling, Negishi coupling, etc., have been explored and widely applied. Continuous-flow methods for heterogeneous catalysis have enhanced the reaction by integrating the separation process into a single step using packed bed reactors and eliminating the need for additional steps for catalyst recovery. The focus of this review is to address various catalysts developed for Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in a flow reaction, followed by optimization such as flow rate, residence time, temperature, Pd loading, solvent, base, and concentration of starting material. This review presents a comprehensive study of these catalysts used for C−C coupling using flow chemistry.

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Synthesis and characterization of a new bis-NHC palladium complex and its catalytic activity in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Pd/C embedded crosslinked polystyrene fibers as an efficient catalyst for Heck reactions

Pd/C embedded crosslinked polystyrene fibers as an efficient catalyst for Heck reactions

Recent Advances on N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Palladium‐catalyzed Heck Reaction

Catalytic Advancements: Optimizing Pd-Based Cross-Coupling Reactions Through Flow Chemistry

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