Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Fluorescent Probe BPN-01: A Model Molecule for Fluorescence Image-guided Surgery

New hybrid radio-fluorescent probes [131I]-BPF-01 and [131I]-BPF-02 for visualisation of cancer cells: Synthesis and preliminary in vitro and ex vivo evaluations

“…The structure of the compounds was confirmed by IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and HRMS. The synthesis of benzothiazole acid 2 , Boc-protected amine 5 , and free amine 7 were previously reported with good yields [ 21 ]. Briefly, acid 2 subsequently underwent amide coupling with amines 3 – 4 in the presence of EDCl, HOBt, and DIPEA to give Boc-protected amine 5 – 6 in 77 and 71 % yield, respectively.…”

“…A microplate reader was used to determine the cell viability by measuring absorbance at 570 nm. For the study of the anticancer effect of BPF-01 against LNCaP, the study was carried out using the resazurin reduction assay, following a previously report [ 21 ].…”

“…BTA was selected as this scaffold has been reported to possess several pharmacological actions [ 20 ]. Moreover, our previous study has revealed that a BTA-containing fluorescent probe exhibited potential binding to cancer cells [ 21 ]. The FITC was chosen as the fluorophore because it exhibits favourable chemical properties, including water soluble, good photostability and biocompatibility, and relatively high fluorescence emission intensity [ 22 ].…”

Fluorescence imaging-guided surgery: current status and future directions

“…FIGS was employed for the first time in neurosurgery to enhance intracranial neoplasms when surgeons injected fluorescein intravenously, in 1948. 4 FIGS is mostly employed in cancer treatment surgeries which need precision in locating tumors and differentiating tumor margins from the normal body tissues. For this purpose, FIGS utilizes a cutting-edge imaging modality known as fluorescence imaging (FI), which offers several advantages over all the conventional imaging techniques, such as high sensitivity and specificity, real-time visualization, high spatial resolution, non-invasiveness, and biocompatibility.…”

Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO): A Promising Molecular Target for Image-Guided Surgery of Solid Cancers

“…This indicates that the persistently high local tumor recurrence rates are still a significant concern after the surgery. 18 , 19 Based on this result, there is a pressing need to develop more reliable molecular probes that target specific receptor(s) involved in carcinogenesis, such as the development of TSPO-based molecular probes.…”