Synthesis and Biological Activity of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles Used in Medicine and Agriculture

Abstract

Biologically active compounds play a key role in the fight against diseases affecting both human and animal living organisms, as well as plants. Finding out about new molecules with a potential biological effect, not yet described in the literature, is one of the most important aspects in the development of medicine and agriculture. Compounds showing desirable biological activity include heterocyclic moieties such as 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. The oxadiazole molecule is composed of two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, forming a five-membered heterocyclic ring. Structures of this type have been successfully used in the treatment of various diseases in humans and animals, and play an important role in modern agriculture. It has been proven that many oxadiazole derivatives exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, blood pressure lowering, antifungal, antineoplastic, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. In addition, compounds based on 1,3,4-oxadiazole can act as plant protection agents due to their herbicidal, insecticidal and fungicidal activity. Due to the constantly growing interest in heterocyclic systems of this nature, new methods of obtaining complex structures containing oxadiazole rings are sought. This article discusses various methods of synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives exhibiting biological activity. Based on these techniques, these compounds could be used in the future in medicine and agriculture.

Occurrence, Chemistry and Synthesis of Various Novel Methods of Oxadiazole

“…Oxadiazoles have been shown to be effective against a wide variety of diseases. Chemists that work in the synthetic field nearly always have an interest in molecules that, in one form or another, include both nitrogen and oxygen 4 . This is because nitrogen and oxygen may be found in a broad range of compounds, both those that exist naturally and those that are synthesised, that have positive effects on living organisms.…”

1,2,4-Oxadiazole as a potential scaffold in agrochemistry: a review

“…14 The potential applications of oxadiazole derivatives have garnered significant interest from both agrochemical companies and researchers. 15,16 More recently, the oxadiazole moiety has been widely recognized as a crucial bioisostere of amides or other acyl-derived structures. 17,18 Therefore, with the advances in agrochemicals, there has been increasing interest in utilizing oxadiazoles for pesticide design and development.…”

Facile Stereoselective Synthesis and Structural Study of Camphor‐ and Fenchone‐Based Spirocyclic 1,3,4‐Oxadiazolines

“…Within the scope of this work, we focused on oxadiazolines, important pharmacophore fragments. [17,18] The 1,3,4-thiadiazolines derived from camphor and fenchone semicarbazones have been described, but their oxygen-containing analogues have not been previously synthesized. [19] At the same time, oxygen-containing compounds tend to exhibit less toxicity as compared to sulfurcontaining ones, so the development of convenient methods for their preparation is an important task of organic and medicinal chemistry.…”