“…Nanotechnology holds great promise to revolutionize the field of medicine and has brought challenging innovations in diagnosis and treatment of diseases, in particular building contrast agents for various imaging modalities and delivering biologically active substances to specific tissues or organs [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Recent advances in nanomedicine have shown that multiple types of nanoparticles (NPs) can be labeled with radionuclides for nuclear medicine imaging and therapy, such as liposomes, micelles, polymers, metal oxide NPs and dendrimers [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. These NPs display improved diagnostic and therapeutic effects, lower toxicity and controllable biodistribution, compared with conventional small molecule radiopharmaceuticals.…”