Synthesis and applications of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites: Conventional to artificial intelligence approaches

Abstract

Recent advances in graphene research have enabled the utilization of its nanocomposites for numerous energy-based and environmental applications. Recently, the advancement in graphene-based polymer nanocomposites has received much attention with special emphasis on synthesis and application. Graphene-based nanocomposites show astonishing electrical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal characteristics. Graphene nanocomposites (GNCs) are synthesized using a variety of methods, including covalent and non-covalent methods, a chemical-based deposition approach, hydrothermal growth, electrophoresis deposition, and physical deposition. Chemical methods are the most viable route for producing graphene in small quantities at low temperatures. The technique can also produce graphene films on a variety of substrate materials. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) for the synthesis of AI-created nanoparticles has recently received a lot of attention. These nanocomposite materials have excellent applications in the environmental, energy, and agricultural sectors. Due to high carrier mobility, graphene-based materials enhance the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor materials. Similarly, these materials have high potential for pollutant removal, especially heavy metals, due to their high surface area. This article highlights the synthesis of graphene-based nanocomposites with special reference to harnessing the power of modern AI tools to better understand GNC material properties and the way this knowledge can be used for its better applications in the development of a sustainable future.

Graphene-based Nanomaterials: Uses, Environmental Fate, and Human Health Hazards

“…Carbon forms many allotropes, with the major ones being graphite and diamond. Graphene is extracted from graphite using a technique called micromechanical cleavage [25]. GBNs are synthesized through diverse methods, encompassing covalent and non-covalent approaches, chemical deposition, hydrothermal growth, electrophoresis deposition, and physical deposition [26].…”

Recent advances in structural modification on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4)-based photocatalysts for high-efficiency photocatalytic H 2O 2production

“…Consequently, future investigations should focus on harnessing AI technology to enable the development of comprehensive databases and facilitate more accurate predictions of material characteristics in photocatalysis. By leveraging AI techniques, researchers can surmount the challenges posed by the diverse and voluminous datasets associated with various photocatalyst designs [293][294][295]. Machine learning algorithms can be employed to analyze and integrate this data, uncovering meaningful patterns and relationships that would be otherwise difficult to discern.…”

Bi2O3-Doped WO3 Nanoparticles Decorated on rGO Sheets: Simple Synthesis, Characterization, Photocatalytic Performance, and Selective Cytotoxicity toward Human Cancer Cells

“…Its physicochemical properties include strong electrical and thermal conductivities, a large surface area, carrier mobility, chemical stability, optical transmittance, and mechanical strength . Due to these excellent properties, graphene has been applied in potential fields, such as optoelectronics, photonics, energy, industry, and environmental remediation . However, the poor solubility of graphene in biological media is one of the obstacles to its application in biomedical applications. , To solve this obstacle, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been successfully applied in biomedicine and environmental applications due to their oxygenated functional group. , For example, Mittal et al reported that both GO/rGO exhibited high anticancer activity in A549 cells.…”

“… 2 Due to these excellent properties, graphene has been applied in potential fields, such as optoelectronics, photonics, energy, industry, and environmental remediation. 3 However, the poor solubility of graphene in biological media is one of the obstacles to its application in biomedical applications. 4 , 5 To solve this obstacle, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been successfully applied in biomedicine and environmental applications due to their oxygenated functional group.…”