Ruthenium dithiolene complexes, particularly the dithiocatecholates Ru(S 2 C 6 H 2 -3,6-Cl 2 )(NHC)(=CHC 6 H 4 -2-O i Pr) (NHC = H 2 IPr, H 2 IMes), are an important class of olefin metathesis catalysts employed for the stereocontrolled assembly of C=C bonds. The poorly understood sensitivity of these catalysts results in unpredictable performance. Here they are shown to resist degradation by amine nucleophiles, in contrast with their dichloride parents; however, they are significantly more oxygen-sensitive. Even as the precatalysts, they decompose within minutes in solution under O 2 , eliminating the alkylidene ligand as O=CHC 6 H 4 -2-O i Pr and forming unusual, fourcoordinate Ru(IV)-oxo products, Ru(O)(S 2 C 6 H 2 -3,6-Cl 2 )(NHC). Participation of the latter in O-transfer with PPh 3 suggests potential opportunities in catalytic oxidation.