Synthesis and Application of Nonisocyanate Polyurethanes

Abstract

The latest published achievements in the research and developments of non-isocyanate polyurethanes on the base of five-membered cyclic carbonates and amines are briefly presented. Preparations of hybrid epoxy-amine hydroxyurethane-grafted polymers with a controlled number of cross-links are described. Examples of the use of hydroxyurethanes of different nature for modification of the oligomeric compositions are also given.

Renewable Self‐Blowing Non‐Isocyanate Polyurethane Foams from Lysine and Sorbitol

“…Over recent years, as well as addressing polyol sustainability, research has focused on routes to polyurethanes which avoid isocyanates entirely . The most significant chemistry to achieve this has been the copolymerisation of a bis‐cyclic carbonate with a diamine to give polyhydroxyurethanes (Scheme ) .…”

CO2-blown microcellular non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foams: from bio- and CO2-sourced monomers to potentially thermal insulating materials

“…15 Currently, NIPU research is growing rapidly, and the NIPUs' improved properties are mainly being exploited in the preparation of coatings and cross-linked materials that have potential applications as thermosets or elastomers. [16][17][18][19][20] However, any examples of NIPU foams are extremely limited due to the difficulties in foaming this matrix. Indeed, conventional PU foams are produced by the in situ production of CO 2 during polymerization by the addition of water to the polyol/polyisocyanate mixture.…”

Isocyanate‐free urethane modified vinyl ester resin: synthesis, characterization and mechanical properties

“…In nearly all of the isocyanate-free procedures, CO 2 gas as a sustainable feedstock is applied directly or indirectly for PU production. [9][10][11][12] Urethane vinyl ester resins (UVERs) contain vinyl ester and urethane functionality and possess the outstanding mechanical and thermal properties of both polymers properly. UVERs may become favoured matrix materials in composites if their toughness and flexibility are thoroughly enhanced.…”

“…Polycondensation, ring‐opening polymerization and step‐growth polyaddition are three general approaches for NIPU production. In nearly all of the isocyanate‐free procedures, CO 2 gas as a sustainable feedstock is applied directly or indirectly for PU production 9–12 …”