Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Long-Chain Isonicotinic Ester Ligand-Containing Arene Ruthenium Complexes and Nanoparticles

Abstract

Arene ruthenium complexes containing long-chain N-ligands L 1 = NC 5 H 4 -4-COO-C 6 H 4 -4-O-(CH 2 ) 9 -CH 3 or L 2 = NC 5 H 4 -4-COO-(CH 2 ) 10 -O-C 6 H 4 -4-COO-C 6 H 4 -4-C 6 H 4 -4-CN derived from isonicotinic acid, of the type These complexes and nanoparticles show a high anticancer activity towards human ovarian cell lines, the highest cytotoxicity being obtained for complex 2 (IC 50 = 2 lM for A2780 and 7 lM for A2780cisR).

Half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complexes with N- and N,(N,O)-donor ligands: molecular, electronic structures, and computational study

“…This structural feature opens the possibility to introduce in the molecule different types of ligands, and the syntheses and structural properties of the halfsandwich ruthenium(II) complexes are widely studied, especially with N,(N,O)-donors [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Furthermore, the g 6 -arene ruthenium complexes are increasingly investigated due to their cytotoxicity [13,14]. The complexes with ''piano-stool'' geometry with chloride and N-donor ligands often possess good aqueous solubility combined with satisfactory lipophilicity needed to cross the cell membrane.…”

Binuclear dichlorido(η6‐p‐cymene)ruthenium(II) complexes with bis(nicotinate)‐ and bis(isonicotinate)‐polyethylene glycol ester ligands

“…In contrast to these findings, ruthenium(II) complexes with substituted isonicotinates shown in Fig. C show much higher activity (2–7 μM) . These results give evidence for the importance of the effect of lipophilicity of the tested compounds on the biological activity.…”

“…These results give evidence for the importance of the effect of lipophilicity of the tested compounds on the biological activity. Thus, ruthenium(II) complexes containing ligands with more lipophilic side chains, such as alkyl in comparison to polyethylene glycol moieties, are found to be superior in cytotoxic activity than those with more hydrophilic chains.…”

“…A ruthenium(II) complex having isonicotinate ester moiety (Fig. C) showed a high anticancer activity towards human ovarian cell line A2780 . Recently, Steinborn et al investigated neutral and cationic arene ruthenium(II) complexes having κ P and κ P ,κ S respectively coordinated ω‐diphenylphosphino‐functionalized alkylphenyl sulfide, sulfoxide and sulfone ligands (Fig.…”

“…In order to investigate how less lipophilic substituents, compared to complexes having alkyl moieties (see Fig. C), and the presence of two ruthenium(II) centres affect cytotoxic activity, herein is described the synthesis and characterization of new ruthenium(II) complexes 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 of the general formula [{RuCl 2 (η 6 ‐ p ‐cym)} 2 (N ∩ N)] with polyethylene glycol esters of nicotinic ( L1 , L2 , L3 , L4 ) and isonicotinic acids ( L5 , L6 , L7 , L8 ) as ligands in bridging mode. Also, a ruthenium(II) complex containing ethylene glycol monomethyl ether nicotinate ( L9 ), complex 9 , was prepared and characterized.…”