Synthesis and aggregation properties of new fluorine-containing double-chain amphiphiles derived from di- and tri-substituted ureas

Urea-based gemini surfactants: Synthesis, aggregation behaviour and biological activity

“…The increased aggregation behaviour (vesicles formation, organogelators) was confirmed for fluorinated amphiphilic urea derivatives [12,13]. Single chain and double chain urea-based anionic surfactants (-alanine derivatives) [14] and anionic gemini surfactants derived from cysteine [15] showed better tendency to adsorb at the air/water interface than to form micelles.…”

Dimeric and monomeric surfactants derived from sulfur-containing amino acids

“…All the surfactants synthesized showed good water solubility up to concentrations of 0.20 mol dm À3 , a factor that can be attributed to the anionic amino acid residue, as nonionic urea surfactants are known to be highly insoluble in aqueous media [13][14][15][16].…”

“…The urea moiety that links the amino acid residue to the hydrophobic portion of the surfactants may alter the properties of these compounds by means of intra-and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding and offers the additional advantage of potential antifungal/antiviral activities [13][14][15], while the amino acid residue renders them water-soluble, as most of nonionic surface active ureas reported in the literature suffer from low water solubility [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The compounds thus obtained can be considered as N-carbamoylamino acids, a class of amino acid-based surfactants that is seldom described in the literature.…”

Synthesis and Surface‐Active Properties of F‐Alkylated Polar Loops

“…The 1 H-, 13 C-and 19 F-NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AC 300 at 300, 75 and 282 MHz, respectively. TMS was used as standard reference for 1 H-and 13 C-NMR spectra and CFCl 3 for 19 F NMR.…”

“…When dispersed in an aqueous medium, these molecules self-organize upon sonication, often into monolayer vesicles [11]. Nevertheless, the use of fluorocarbon chains instead of hydrocarbon analogues seems to constitute an efficient way to stabilize vesicular systems [12,13] and to achieve their potential as drug delivery systems [14,15].…”