“…Spinels that contain 3d elements such as V, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni are typically high spin because O 2− is a weak field ligand, and these compounds are important as electrolyzer catalysts and catalyst supports. 37 In addition, spinel-type composites have attracted increasing interest in the eNRR field owing to their corresponding interfacial effects, lattice strain effects, electronic interactions, and strong interaction effects that significantly impact their catalytic performance. 34…”