Synthesis and Adsorption Properties of Gadolinium-Imprinted Divinylbenzene-Based Copolymers

Abstract

Ion-imprinted divinylbenzene and methacrylic acid copolymers for rare-earth element adsorption with crosslink ratios 60 and 40% have been synthesized. Ion imprinting has been carried out via the trapping approach. Alizarin red S has been incorporated in the polymers as a nonvinylated ligand. The obtained materials were characterized via scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Synthesized polymers exist as gel-type nonporous spherical agglomerates from 2 to 6 μm with low surface areas. The sorption properties of the synthesized polymers with respect to lanthanides in static and dynamic modes have been studied. The most efficiently synthesized materials extract rare earth elements from solutions at pH 4−7. The maximum sorption capacity of the obtained polymers with regard to Gd is around 0.5 mmol/g. According to the obtained results, the imprinted polymer with a crosslink ratio 60% is characterized by the highest values of distribution coefficients for lanthanides. The total lanthanide breakthrough capacity for this polymer is 0.861 μmol/g. The adsorption column has been constructed using the imprinted polymer with a crosslink ratio 60%. The column extraction and preconcentration procedure for the trace Eu content determination in the strontium iodide recycled material by inductively coupled plasma−atomic emission spectrometry at a level of 1 × 10 −6 % (mass) has been proposed.

Adsorption-based Separation and Recovery of Rare Earth Elements

“…The same DTPA-based Gd(III)-IIP was used to separate Gd(III) and other lanthanides and actinides (Vigneau et al, 2002). Other studies on imprinted polymer include La(III)-IIP (Mustapa et al, 2016), Ce(III)-IIP (Keçili et al, 2018;Mustapa et al, 2016), Y(III)-IIPs (Zulfikar et al, 2017), Nd(III)-IIP (Moussa et al, 2017), ionic imprinted mesoporous bilayer films (IIBFs) for Dy(III) and Nd(III) adsorption (Zheng et al, 2018), Gd (III)-imprinted membranes (GIMs) (Cui et al, 2019), and Gd(III)-imprinted divinylbenzene and methacrylic acid copolymer (Bunina et al, 2021). The IIPs show a stronger affinity for the imprinted REE cation compared to other REEs.…”

Molecular Dynamic Study of Mechanism Underlying Nature of Molecular Recognition and the Role of Crosslinker in the Synthesis of Salmeterol-Targeting Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Analysis of Salmeterol Xinafoate in Biological Fluid

“…The crosslinker may compete with the functional monomer, which may result in the MIPs having poor recognition properties with respect to the targeted molecules [ 24 ]. There are some crosslinkers that could be used in the synthesis of MIP, including ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) [ 25 ], trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) [ 26 ], piperazine diacrylamide (PDA) [ 27 ], (+)- N , N ’-diallyltartardiamide (DATD) [ 28 ], methylenediacrylamide (MBAA) [ 29 ], diisopropenylbenzene [ 30 ], bisacryloylamidopyridine [ 31 ], N , O -bismethacryloyl ethanolamine (NOBE) [ 32 ], glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) [ 33 ], and divinylbenzene (DVB) [ 34 ]. Synthesizing MIP relying on experimental trial and error will be very time-consuming and resource-consuming [ 35 ].…”