Syntheses and Characterization of Skeletally Modified Cardanol Based Asymmetric Benzoxazines with Enhanced Thermal and Hydrophobic Properties

Latha, Govindraj; Rajalakshmi, D; Srinivasan, Harinei; Arumugam, Hariharan; Balaji, Krishnasamy; Alagar, Muthukaruppan

doi:10.1134/s1560090422700294

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…[3][4][5][6][7] As environmental concerns continue to rise, researchers are shifting their focus towards using biobased phenols rather than petroleum-based ones in the production of benzoxazines. 8,9 Over the past decade, there has been significant exploration into various biobased phenols, including substances like cardanol, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] guiacol, [17][18][19] eugenol, 17,[20][21][22][23][24] vanillin, 25 curcumin, 26 sesamol, [27][28][29] rosin, 30,31 catechol, [32][33][34] thymol [35][36][37] and more, with the aim of developing innovative bio-benzoxazines. Beyond environmental considerations, scientists are currently exploring the synthesis of benzoxazine monomers with specific functional groups to tailor the properties of polybenzoxazines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eugenol‐derived bio‐benzoxazine resins: Synthesis, characterization, and exceptional thermal stability

Ertas Dogan,

Uyar

2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, we succesfully synthesized bio‐benzoxazine resins using eugenol, a bio‐based phenolic compound, in combination with three distinct functional amines: ethanamine, aniline, and hexane‐1,6‐diamine. Characterization of the resulting bio‐benzoxazine resins, namely E‐ea (eugenol, ethanamine), E‐a (eugenol, aniline), and E‐dh (eugenol, hexane‐1,6‐diamine), was performed through 1H NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Thermal properties were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for both the eugenol‐derived bio‐benzoxazines (E‐ea, E‐a, E‐dh) and their corresponding polybenzoxazines (PE‐ea, PE‐a, PE‐dh). Notably, all eugenol‐based polybenzoxazines exhibited excellent thermal stability with very similar characteristics. Our findings suggest that the presence of allyl groups in eugenol promoted a more cross‐linked network structure compared to other functional groups on amines. As a result, eugenol‐derived bio‐benzoxazines demonstrated superior thermal properties, illustrated by their impressive char yields: PE‐ea; 45.6%, PE‐a; 45.1%, and PE‐dh; 44.1%.

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