Syntheses and characterization of biodiesel from citrus sinensis seed oil

Ezekoye, V. A.; Adinde, Rita; Ezekoye, David; Ofomatah, Anthony C.

doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00217

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Additionally, the catalyst's biodegradability means that it will not provide an immediate challenge for disposal. Using biomass waste, biodiesel production is done effectively, including the biomass of banana, 23 orange, 24 sugarcane, 25 areca nut husk, 26 plantain peels, 22 wood, 27 and coconut husk. 28 Citrus limetta or sweet lemon is a variety of the citrus family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus limetta Peel-Derived Catalyst for Sustainable Production of Biodiesel

Yadav

Ahmaruzzaman

2022

ACS Omega

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To produce biodiesel from oleic acid (OA), the effectiveness of sweet lemon ( Citrus limetta ) waste peels as an acidic catalyst in an esterification process is examined in the current work. A biowaste-derived sulfonated carbon-based catalyst is fabricated without high temperatures via a simple one-pot process. Several techniques are used to investigate the chemical components and morphology of the catalyst, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and N 2 adsorption–desorption. The biodiesel conversion is observed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance 1 H NMR, and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance 13 C NMR. The excellent biodiesel conversion of 96% was obtained using optimized conditions, i.e., 1:20 of OA/MeOH, 5 wt % catalyst loading, 70 °C temperature, and 3 h. The catalyst shows 87% conversion in just 1 h, and the maximum conversion was found to be ≈96%. This high activity of the catalyst can be attributed to the presence of sulfonic groups and its porous nature. The formed catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity up to three cycles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus limetta Peel-Derived Catalyst for Sustainable Production of Biodiesel

Yadav

Ahmaruzzaman

2022

ACS Omega

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“…Oil from mandarin seed was utilized to create methylic BD by Azad 45 with a conversion efficiency of 96.82%. The seed oil from C. reticulata (mandarin orange) was also inspected for the synthesis of methylic BD by Rashid et al 44 C. sinensis seed oil was exploited in the synthesis of methylic BD fuel by Ezekoye et al 46 with a yield of 76.93%. Finally, oil from Citrus limetta seeds was examined as a BD candidate by Musthafa 47 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and characterization of liquid biofuels from locally available nonedible feedstocks

Fadhil

2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) seeds were exploited as possible nonedible feedstock for the synthesis of liquid biofuels, namely, biodiesel and bio‐oil via alkali–alcoholysis and pyrolysis routes, respectively. The alkali–alcoholysis reaction of mandarin seed oil with an equivalent mixture of methanol–ethanol alcohols was examined and optimized by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The best experimental yield of biodiesel (95.55 ± 1.55 wt.%) was comparable with the predicted yield (95.0 wt.%). Also, analysis by one‐way ANOVA showed that the selected variables were statistically significant. The 1H NMR spectroscopy asserted the transformation of the oil to biodiesel. Also, the evaluated properties of the biodiesel were in the range given by ASTM D6751 standards. The mandarin citrus seeds have also subjected to the thermal pyrolysis process in a fixed‐bed reactor to obtain bio‐oil and bio‐char. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature, time, feed particle size, and heating rate on the bio‐oil yield was optimized. The highest yield of bio‐oil (52.34 ± 1.25 wt.%) was attained at 475°C for 60 min using 70 mesh particle size of the feed with a heating rate of 20°C/min. The bio‐oil was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR spectroscopy, and ultimate analysis. The bio‐oil derived from MCS has an empirical formula of CH1.88 O0.16 N0.012 S0.0005 with 37.96 MJ/kg of heating value. The elevated carbon level, low oxygen content, and high calorific value (25.45 MJ/kg) of the attained bio‐char suggest its suitability as a solid fuel. Also, the obtained bio‐char can be utilized for preparing carbon adsorbent as a result of its good surface area.

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“…Ezekoye assessed the effects of N , N ′-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPD), N -phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (NPPD), and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN) on performance and emission behavior using a 20% blend of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel with diesel. B20 has a higher BSFC and a lower BTE when compared to diesel . It can be proven that additive positively reduces NO x emissions, but at the cost of increasing CO and HC emissions.…”

Section: Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Performance and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesel-Operated Compression Ignition Engines through Low Heat Rejection Mode and Antioxidant Additives: A Review

Rajendran,

Venkatesan,

Dhairiyasamy

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Depending on the heat content and compression ignition (CI) engine combustion, biodiesel is a viable substitute fuel. Biodiesel is an oxygenated, safe, sulfur-free, biodegradable, and renewable fuel. It may be utilized in CI engines in any combination with diesel fuel without requiring the engine to be significantly modified. Many research studies have been made with several biodiesels as diesel substitutes, including Pongamia pinnata, Jatropha curcas, Mangifera indica, and Madhuca longifolia. The topic of the current review is the potential of renewable fuels to outperform diesel fuel in terms of performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. In the present study, CI engines are fueled with biodiesels made from Man. indica, Mad. longifolia, and pongamia seed oil. Adopting low heat rejection (LHR) mode CI engines and adding an antioxidant agent in addition to the biodiesel blends may resolve the issue of these biodiesels’ poorer performance and increased NO emission. Both these additions may provide positive approaches in both performance and emission.

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Syntheses and characterization of biodiesel from citrus sinensis seed oil

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Citrus limetta Peel-Derived Catalyst for Sustainable Production of Biodiesel

Citrus limetta Peel-Derived Catalyst for Sustainable Production of Biodiesel

Production and characterization of liquid biofuels from locally available nonedible feedstocks

Enhancing Performance and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesel-Operated Compression Ignition Engines through Low Heat Rejection Mode and Antioxidant Additives: A Review

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