Synovial Fluid Fatty Acid Profiles Are Differently Altered by Inflammatory Joint Pathologies in the Shoulder and Knee Joints

Abstract

Anomalies of fatty acid (FA) metabolism characterize osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the knee joint. No previous study has investigated the synovial fluid (SF) FA manifestations in these aging-related inflammatory diseases in the shoulder. The present experiment compared the FA alterations between the shoulder and knee joints in patients with end-stage OA or end-stage RA. SF samples were collected during glenohumeral or knee joint surgery from trauma controls and from OA and RA patients (n = 42). The FA composition of SF total lipids was analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection and compared across cohorts. The FA signatures of trauma controls were mostly uniform in both anatomical locations. RA shoulders were characterized by elevated percentages of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 and with reduced proportions of 18:1n-9. The FA profiles of OA and RA knees were relatively uniform and displayed lower proportions of 18:2n-6, 22:6n-3 and total n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs). The results indicate location- and disease-dependent differences in the SF FA composition. These alterations in FA profiles and their potential implications for the production of PUFA-derived lipid mediators may affect joint lubrication, synovial inflammation and pannus formation as well as cartilage and bone degradation and contribute to the pathogeneses of inflammatory joint diseases.

Fatty Acid Fingerprints and Hyaluronic Acid in Extracellular Vesicles from Proliferating Human Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes

“…Harvested sterile-filtered media (300 μL) and FLSs were transmethylated in methanolic H 2 SO 4 under nitrogen atmosphere, and the formed FA methyl esters were extracted with hexane and analyzed by the Shimadzu GC-2010 Plus gas chromatograph (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) [ 65 , 66 ]. Another subsample of sterile-filtered media (3 mL) was centrifuged at 1000× g for 10 min at 4 °C, and the supernatant at 1200× g for 20 min at 4 °C.…”

Synovial Extracellular Vesicles: Structure and Role in Synovial Fluid Tribological Performances

“…Compared with control SF, OA-SF both in human and canine [ 42 ] models have significantly higher levels of total lipids and higher lipid diversity, including PC, LPC, phosphatidylinositol (PI), and SM. Alterations in individual levels of PL are regularly reported but it is difficult to propose a general hallmark in the lipid profile of SF for OA or RA pathologies [ 41 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Physical Activity and Ecological Means of Transport—Functional Assessment Methodology

“…As a result, Torqway can be used to improve overall body mobility and overall fitness. The highest ROM values were obtained for the following movements: elbow joint flexion, shoulder joint abduction, shoulder joint flexion [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. The lowest ROM values were obtained for lower limb and spine movements.…”