Synoptic-Dynamic Climatology of the “Bomb”

Sanders, Frederick; Gyakum, John R.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1589:sdcot>2.0.co;2

Cited by 744 publications

(668 citation statements)

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“…In this period there was a decrease in pressure of almost 40mbar. This is similar to the rapid decrease in pressure in the October 1987 storm, which had a pressure fall of 26mbar in 12 hours (Browning 2004), and satisfies the definition of a 'bomb' (24sin 0 / sin 60° mbar in 24 hours where 0 is latitude in degrees, Sanders and Gyakum (1980)). The value of 978mbar at 0000 UTC corresponds well with the value of 980mbar given in the Met Office analysis at this time.…”

Section: Development Of the Systemsupporting

confidence: 64%

Sting jets in severe northern European wind storms

Baker

2009

Weather

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Section: Development Of the Systemsupporting

confidence: 64%

Sting jets in severe northern European wind storms

Baker

2009

Weather

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“…10a and b). Sanders and Gyakum (1980), defined an extratropical cyclone as a meteorological bomb when the mean sea-level pressure of its center falls by at least 1 hPa per hour for 24 h at 60 • N. An equivalent rate is obtained for a latitude ϕ by multiplying this rate by the dimensionless number sinϕ/ sin 60 • , which is denoted as 1 Bergeron . During 6 and 7 January, the strong pressure gradient provoked gale force winds and significant storm surge over a vast area, including the central Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea.…”

Section: System Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fully coupled atmosphere–ocean wave modeling system for the Mediterranean Sea: interactions and sensitivity to the resolved scales and mechanisms

et al. 2016

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Abstract. It is commonly accepted that there is a need for a better understanding of the factors that contribute to air-sea interactions and their feedbacks. In this context it is important to develop advanced numerical prediction systems that treat the atmosphere and the ocean as a unified system. The realistic description and understanding of the exchange processes near the ocean surface requires knowledge of the sea state and its evolution. This can be achieved by considering the sea surface and the atmosphere as a continuously crosstalking dynamic system. Following and adapting concepts already developed and implemented in large-scale numerical weather models and in hurricane simulations, this study aims to present the effort towards developing a new, highresolution, two-way fully coupled atmosphere-ocean wave model in order to support both operational and research activities. A specific issue that is emphasized is the determination and parameterization of the air-sea momentum fluxes in conditions of extremely high and time-varying winds. Software considerations, data exchange as well as computational and scientific performance of the coupled system, the so-called WEW (worketa-wam), are also discussed. In a case study of a high-impact weather and sea-state event, the wind-wave parameterization scheme reduces the resulted wind speed and the significant wave height as a response to the increased aerodynamic drag over rough sea surfaces. Overall, WEW offers a more realistic representation of the momentum exchanges in the ocean wind-wave system and includes the effects of the resolved wave spectrum on the drag coefficient and its feedback on the momentum flux.

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“…Development was fairly rapid, with the atmospheric low pressure falling nearly 1 hPa per hour during 24 h and thus, just short of the definition of atmospheric bombs (Sanders and Gyakum 1980). The event was captured by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) buoy and by satellite observations.…”

Section: Cold-air Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulent heat fluxes during an intense cold-air outbreak over the Kuroshio Extension Region: results from a high-resolution coupled atmosphere–ocean model

et al. 2011

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The coupled ocean atmosphere mesoscale prediction system that includes the Navy Coastal Ocean Model has been configured for the Kuroshio Extension region using multiple one-way nested high-resolution grids. The coupled model system was used to simulate a strong cold-air outbreak event from 31 Jan to 7 Feb 2005 in good agreement with meteorological data from a surface buoy data and QuikSCAT scatterometer winds. Latent heat fluxes and sensible heat fluxes were computed during the event with daily averages in excess of 1,500 W/m 2 and 500 W/m 2 , respectively, and combined instantaneous turbulent heat fluxes up to 2,300 W/ m 2 . The largest heat fluxes were found in two large meanders of the Kuroshio and along its southern flank. Strong gradients in turbulent heat fluxes coincided with strong sea surface temperature gradients and were maintained during the cold-air outbreak simulation. The large turbulent heat fluxes lead to significant subtropical mode water formation during the event at a rate about 10 Sv in the cyclonic recirculation region south of the Kuroshio. This increased the volume of core layer mode water within the temperature range 16°C to 18°C by 10% and increased the surface area of that layer directly exposed to the atmosphere by a factor close to 5 in the model domain.

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Synoptic-Dynamic Climatology of the “Bomb”

Cited by 744 publications

References 0 publications

Sting jets in severe northern European wind storms

Sting jets in severe northern European wind storms

A fully coupled atmosphere–ocean wave modeling system for the Mediterranean Sea: interactions and sensitivity to the resolved scales and mechanisms

Turbulent heat fluxes during an intense cold-air outbreak over the Kuroshio Extension Region: results from a high-resolution coupled atmosphere–ocean model

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