Syngeneic monoclonal antiidiotype can induce cellular immunity to reovirus.

Abstract

Viruses attach to cells via specialized attachment proteins that interact with specific cell surface receptors (1-5). An understanding of such virus-host cell interactions may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and prevention of infectious diseases (6).The mammalian reoviruses, segmented, double-stranded RNA viruses include three serotypes (7). The segmented nature of the reovirus genome has permitted a genetic approach for the identification of the role of individual viral components in pathogenesis, making the study of virus-host interactions more amenable to direct experimentation (8). These studies have revealed that each of the three outer capsid proteins (#lc, ~1, ~r3) plays critical, distinct roles in viral virulence. One of the outer capsid proteins, al, the reovirus hemagglutinin (HA), ~ has been shown to be the reovirus cell attachment protein (9-12). Studies utilizing monoclonal antibodies have revealed that the HA is divided into three distinct domains (13, 14), one of which governs the important biologic properties of receptor interaction, recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and recognition by neutralizing antibody (15,17). Reovirus mutants at this site, selected for resistance to neutralization, are altered in cell tropism (in the nervous system) (16) and in recognition by CTL (17). Therefore, monoclonal antibodies directed to this site, block a number of important biologic properties of reovirus.That such diverse biologic properties as CTL recognition and viral neutralization localize to one part of the HA suggests that binding is restricted by a unique conformation or, alternatively, by a set of epitopes on the HA. This implies that the receptor for virus on immune CTL, the natural receptor found on neurons, and the binding moiety of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (idiotype) share a common configuration as well.To test this possibility, syngeneic monoclonal antibodies were raised against the idiotype portion of a prototypic neutralizing monocional antibody, 9BG5 (18,19). The antiidiotype obtained has been shown to block both viral binding

Immune responses during human Schistosomiasis mansoni. Evidence for antiidiotypic T lymphocyte responsiveness.

“…Perinatal Id/anti-Id interactions can prime for anti-bacterial protection (31), and adult immunizations with antiidiotypes can also lead to antimicrobial resistance (32)(33)(34), and antischistosomal resistance (35). A recent report on chronic, experimental murine schistosomiasis japonica (36) has demonstrated crossreactive, immunoregulatory idiotypes that stimulate humoral antiidiotypic responses.…”

Genetic engineering of plants for virus resistance

“…Speculation concerning the exploitation of anti-ids for vaccine development [83,100] (reviewed by Thanavala [,-120]) has resulted in development of several examples. The most successful of these systems involve Trypanosoma surface glycoprotein [101], hepatitis B surface antigen [,-61, 121], and the reovirus hemagglutinin [107].…”

Anti-idiotype antibodies that mimic a conserved aquatic birnavirus epitope induce neutralizing antibodies and bind to fish cells with inhibition of virus replication

“…Anti-Id antibodies (Ab2) of the P-type have been used as surrogate antigens to induce an immune response eliciting the production of anti-anti-Id antibodies (Ab3) which function like the idiotype antibody (Abl) and recognize the original antigen epitope. AntiId antibodies have been used to stimulate an immune response against a variety of pathogens (Reagan et al 1982, Sacks et al 1982, McNamara et al 1984, Sharpe et al 1984, Stein h Soderstrom 1984, Gel1 et al 1985, Grzych et al 1985, Kaufmann et al 1985, Kennedy et al 1986, Bhogal et a!. 1988.…”