Syngas production through gasification and cleanup for downstream applications — Recent developments

Mondal, Prasenjit; Dang, Gao; Garg, Mahesh

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.03.021

Cited by 234 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A small slag layer on the refractory is desirable as this layer protects the refractory lining and reduces heat loss. However at high temperature and reduced viscosity, the molten slag layer can be very corrosive and can penetrate deeply into the air-cooled refractory lining [77] affecting the stability of the refractory. Besides corrosion, higher operating temperature can also increase the oxygen demand and consequently reduce the efficiency of the gasifier.…”

Section: Entrained Flow Gasifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Mineral Matter Related Issues during Gasification of Coal in Fixed, Fluidized, and Entrained Flow Gasifiers

Krishnamoorthy

Pisupati

2015

Energies

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Gasification of coal is gaining more popularity due to its clean operation, and its ability to generate products for various markets. However, these technologies are not widely commercialized due to reliability and economic issues. Mineral matter in coal plays an important role in affecting the availability/reliability of a gasifier. Agglomeration in the bed, slag mobility and blockage of the syngas exit section are some of the operations related concerns in fixed-bed gasifiers, while ash deposition and sudden defluidization are the major concerns in fluidized bed gasifiers. In the case of entrained flow gasifiers, syngas cooler fouling and blockage, corrosion and erosion of refractory, and slag mobility are some of the major issues affecting the operations and the reliability of the gasifier. This review is aimed at critically examining various mineral matter related issues contributing to the operation and reliability problems in three types of generic gasifiers (fixed bed, fluidized bed and entrained flow gasifiers). Based on the review, some strategies to counter the potential mineral matter related issues are presented.

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Section: Entrained Flow Gasifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Mineral Matter Related Issues during Gasification of Coal in Fixed, Fluidized, and Entrained Flow Gasifiers

Krishnamoorthy

Pisupati

2015

Energies

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“…The tested coals were high-rank coals. Entrained-flow gasifiers with high temperature and high pressure have been selected for the majority of IGCC projects (Table 1) [11]. The main advantage of using high-temperature entrained-flow gasifiers is to generate syngas that is free of oils and tars so that the related problems can be avoided [7].…”

Section: Fuels and Operating Conditions In Entrained Flow Gasifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These issues are related to slag behavior and influenced by fuel properties and operating conditions. Entrained flow gasifiers are mostly used in IGCC applications to produce power and chemicals (e.g., ammonia, methanol, and acetic acid) [11]. In gasifiers, carbon in the coal particles is converted to syngas, and the mineral matters in the coal are transformed to ash/slag [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure continuous slag flow, temperature exceeding the ash flow temperature and temperature of critical viscosity, as well as a slag viscosity of less than 25 Pa·s (250 poise), are necessary [20]. In addition, at high temperature the molten slag layer can corrode/penetrate deeply into a gasifier's wall (i.e., refractory lining) even though the same layer can act as a thermal barrier to protect the wall at lower temperature [11,21]. This corrosion/penetration results in rapid refractory wearing/changing in the microstructure and properties of refractory that could cause possible cracking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Slag Behavior in Gasifiers. Part I: Influence of Coal Properties and Gasification Conditions

2013

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Abstract:In the entrained-flow gasifiers used in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants, the majority of mineral matter transforms to liquid slag on the wall of the gasifier and flows out the bottom. However, a small fraction of the mineral matter is entrained (as fly ash) with the raw syngas out of the gasifier to downstream processing. This molten/sticky fly ash could cause fouling of the syngas cooler. To improve gasification availability through better design and operation of the gasification process, a better understanding of slag behavior and the characteristics of the slagging process is needed. Char/ash properties, gas compositions in the gasifier, the gasifier wall structure, fluid dynamics, and plant operating conditions (mainly temperature and oxygen/carbon ratio) all affect slagging behavior. Because coal has varying ash content and composition, different operating conditions are required to maintain the slag flow and limit problems downstream. In Part I, we review the main types and the operating conditions of entrained-flow gasifiers and coal properties used in IGCC plants; we identify and discuss the key coal ash properties and the operating conditions impacting slag behavior; finally, we summarize the coal quality criteria and the operating conditions in entrained-flow gasifiers. In Part II, we discuss the constitutive modeling related to the rheological studies of slag flow.

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“…Nowadays, natural gas, biogas, and syngas being considered as important energy sources or raw materials (for syngas and hydrogen production), contain also H 2 S at various concentrations, and need pre-treatment before being processed. [1][2][3][4][5] Different industrial processes and rural and agricultural activities generate also waste gases containing H 2 S, for examples, crude oil refineries, coal combustion and/or gasification, paper mills, food industries, wastewater treatment plants, animal farms, etc. At high concentration, the Claus process and its derivatives were developed for the recovery of sulphur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-doped apatitic calcium phosphates: preparation, characterization, and reactivity in the removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas phase

Stita

Martı́nez

Pham

et al. 2015

Composite Interfaces

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Syngas production through gasification and cleanup for downstream applications — Recent developments

Cited by 234 publications

References 45 publications

A Critical Review of Mineral Matter Related Issues during Gasification of Coal in Fixed, Fluidized, and Entrained Flow Gasifiers

A Critical Review of Mineral Matter Related Issues during Gasification of Coal in Fixed, Fluidized, and Entrained Flow Gasifiers

Slag Behavior in Gasifiers. Part I: Influence of Coal Properties and Gasification Conditions

Metal-doped apatitic calcium phosphates: preparation, characterization, and reactivity in the removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas phase

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