Synergy: Some Notes of Ruth Benedict<sup>1</sup>

Maslow, Abraham H.; Honigmann, John J.; Mead, Margaret

doi:10.1525/aa.1970.72.2.02a00060

Cited by 56 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Focusing on aggression, meaning behavior aimed at hurting, expelling, or humiliating another person, ''from all comparative material'', she reports, ''the conclusion that arises is that societies where non-aggression is conspicious have social orders in which the individual by the same act and at the same time serves his own advantage and that of the group'' (Maslow and Honigman, 1970). While Benedict is not necessarily distinguishing between advantageous behaviors that require no coordination due to byproduct cooperation and advantageous behaviors that are sustained by, for instance, reciprocal altruism or punishment, her point is at the very least suggestive that instead of relying on reciprocity, social norms, or other means to mitigate temptation to defect in collective action problems, there may also sometimes be an opportunity to construct a much better situation by introducing unconsidered options for behavior that remove the disjuncture between selfishness and generosity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary escape from the prisoner's dilemma

Worden

Levin

2007

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary escape from the prisoner's dilemma

Worden

Levin

2007

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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“…Benedict asserted, “Real investigation of personality and culture has not begun until it is a study of total experience as related to behavior” (as cited in Maslow, Honigmann, & Mead, 1970, p. 321).…”

Section: The Benedictine Disciplementioning

confidence: 99%

Maslow’s Intellectual Betrayal of Ruth Benedict?

Smith

Feigenbaum

2012

Journal of Humanistic Psychology

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During the summer of 1938, Abe Maslow was engaged in a field study of the Northern Blackfeet. He received a grant-in aid from the Social Science Research Council under the sponsorship of Ruth Benedict to study the "security needs" of the tribe. This project reflected Benedict's long-term interest in her concept of synergic and nonsynergic societies, which culminated with her publication of Patterns of Culture in 1934. It was Benedict's thesis that synergic societies, such as Zuni, had most of their psychological security needs met, whereas low synergic societies, such as the Dobu, did not. Initially, Maslow as a neophyte anthropologist employed a questionnaire to members of the Northern Blackfoot tribe to measure psychological security needs. Scholars have already postulated that this experience had lasting effects on Maslow's later development of concepts such as "self-actualization and "peak experience." However valid this is, the thesis of this article is that Maslow's anthropological turn disappeared over time and his later work indicated that he did not understand the synergic collective anthropological approach of Benedict but rather misused the concept of synergy to promote a person-centered psychological reductionist position mostly devoid of its cultural context.

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“…Voltemos os olhos rapidamente para algumas das outras palavras que expressam mistura. "Sinergia" talvez seja um termo de pouca tradição na antropologia; sua presença foi assinalada em algumas notas das conferências de Ruth Benedict, a partir de 1941 (Maslow e Honigmann 1970). Mas Benedict usava a palavra para se referir a situações internas às culturas, nas quais um "ato ou habilidade beneficia o indivíduo ao mesmo tempo que beneficia o grupo".…”

Section: Híbridos E Outras Palavras Que Expressam Misturaunclassified

Fluxos, fronteiras, híbridos: palavras-chave da antropologia transnacional

Hannerz¹

1997

Mana

180

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Este artigo pretende situar o lugar ocupado pelos estudos sobre a globalização na história das idéias antropológicas, partindo do pressuposto que as interconexões culturais nunca estiveram ausentes das preocupações da antropologia, ainda que tratadas sob os mais diversos modelos conceituais. Com esse objetivo, realiza uma investigação da genealogia do vocabulário utilizado pela antropologia transnacional, desvendando os sentidos e usos de três palavras-chave - fluxos, fronteiras e híbridos - tanto no interior da antropologia quanto num contexto interdisciplinar mais amplo. Através dos múltiplos diálogos que estabelece - com os difusionistas, com os teóricos da aculturação, com as atuais correntes multiculturalistas, entre outros -, o texto aponta para a dimensão reflexiva que a relação, ao mesmo tempo problemática e enriquecedora, entre conceitos acadêmicos e nativos vem imprimindo à antropologia, particularmente através dos estudos sobre a globalização.
This article is intended to delineate the place occupied by studies on the globalization of the history of anthropological ideas, based on the premise that cultural interconnections have never been absent from the concerns of anthropology, even when dealt with under the most widely diverse conceptual models. This objective is the basis for an investigation of the genealogy of the vocabulary used by transnational anthropology, unveiling the meanings and uses of three key words - flows, frontiers, and hybrids - both within anthropology and in a broader interdisciplinary context. By establishing multiple dialogues - with diffusionists, theorists of acculturation, and contemporary multiculturalist currents, amongst others, the text points to the reflexive dimension that the problematic (yet enriching) relationship between academic and native concepts has impressed on anthropology, especially through studies on globalization

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Synergy: Some Notes of Ruth Benedict¹

Cited by 56 publications

References 1 publication

Evolutionary escape from the prisoner's dilemma

Evolutionary escape from the prisoner's dilemma

Maslow’s Intellectual Betrayal of Ruth Benedict?

Fluxos, fronteiras, híbridos: palavras-chave da antropologia transnacional

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Synergy: Some Notes of Ruth Benedict1

Cited by 56 publications

References 1 publication

Evolutionary escape from the prisoner's dilemma

Evolutionary escape from the prisoner's dilemma

Maslow’s Intellectual Betrayal of Ruth Benedict?

Fluxos, fronteiras, híbridos: palavras-chave da antropologia transnacional

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Synergy: Some Notes of Ruth Benedict¹