Synergy of physical properties of low-dimensional carbon-based systems for nanoscale device design

Abstract

We review the principles of formation, physical properties, and current or envisaged applications for a wide range of carbon allotropic forms. We discuss experimental and theoretical advances relating to staple zero-, one-, and two-dimensional carbon structures, such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. In addition we emphasize research on emerging carbon allotropes (carbon nanoscrolls, funnels, etc) that result from combining or deforming allotropic forms with well-defined dimensionality. Such materials fall in-between clearly delineated dimensional categories and consequently exhibit unique characteristics that are promising for electronic, optical, and mechanical applications. We also consider other approaches to tuning properties of carbon-based materials, such as chemical functionalization, intentional introduction of structural disorder, and placement of guest atoms or molecules inside hollow structures. Finally, we discuss the properties of and experimental methods for studying zero-dimensional systems (paramagnetic nitrogen impurity atoms) in diamond matrix. The review emphasizes the interplay between the various material properties of carbon-based nanostructures and the designs for nanoscale devices that rely on synergistic combinations of these properties. For example, an electromechanical vibrator, a strain sensor, a nanodynamometer, and a nanoelectromechanical memory cell that we describe exploit both electronic and nanomechanical properties of low-dimensional carbon structures, a reed switch and a magnetic field sensor use magnetic and nanomechanical properties, a maser based on nitrogen-doped diamond uses thermal and optoelectronic properties, etc. All presented device concepts have been validated by calculations, and some have been implemented experimentally.

Model of Field Electron Emission from the Edge of Flat Graphene into Vacuum

“…На рисунке 3 показаны прямая (a) и обрат-ная (b) решетки графена. Элементарные векторы трансляций a 1 и a 2 равны по абсолютной величине a = |a 1 | = |a 2 | = 3 a CC = 0,246 нм и образуют ромбическую элементарную ячейку [1], обозначенную штриховой линией. Первая зона Бриллюэна представляет собой гексагон, стороны которого расположены на расстоянии   π  от центра зоны Бриллюэна в точке Γ (k x = 0, k y = 0).…”

“…Графен и углеродные нанотрубки исследуются теоретически и экспериментально с целью применения в электромеханике, фотонике и cпинтронике [1,2]. В частности, низкоразмерные системы на основе графеновых лент [3] и массивов нанотрубок [4] являются перспективными материалами для эмиссионной электроники [5,6].…”

Spin–orbit coupling effect on electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of Janus Ga2SSe

“…The physical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials are very sensitive to the perfection of the atomic structure. [1][2][3] The breaking of symmetrical structures in 2D materials can offer new physical properties with many potentials for applications in technology. Motivated by this view, the Janus asymmetric structure MoSSe has been experimentally reported recently.…”

Electron Transport in the Assemblies of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes

“…Since their discovery [1], carbon nanotubes revealed remarkable properties, which made them as an attractive material in broad domain of applications [2][3][4]. In carbon nanotube electronics [5,6], they were expected to be used as the components of nanostructured field effect transistors [5,[7][8][9].…”