Synergy in mixed Nothofagus spp. plantations: the effect of deciduous/evergreen neighbourhood on tree growth in the Chilean Andes

Ojeda-González, Patricio; Donoso, Pablo J.; Erlwein, Alfredo

doi:10.33494/nzjfs502020x102x

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…La complementariedad se define como los efectos combinados de la reducción de la competencia (o diferenciación de nichos) y la facilitación (Loreau y Hector 2001). En este sentido, la protección parcial otorgada por los individuos de N. dombeyi (figura 2) sobre las restantes especies, debido a su follaje de carácter perenne y mayores tasas de crecimiento, sería el factor que facilita el crecimiento de los demás Nothofagus en condición mixta, mediante la protección a la radiación directa y la reducción de las tasas de evapotranspiración en períodos secos durante la temporada de crecimiento (Donoso et al 2011, Ojeda et al 2020. Además, N. dombeyi no solo tiene una fenología distinta a N. alpina y N. obliqua, sino que tiene una raíz superficial, a diferencia de las raíces profundas de las otras dos especies de Nothofagus (Donoso 2006, Ojeda et al 2020, permitiendo la estratificación de las raíces y, por lo tanto, complementariedad en el uso de recursos (Kelty 2006).…”

Section: Resultados Los Individuos Sujetos Evaluados De Cada Especie Deunclassified

“…Se hace necesario, en consecuencia, comparar plantaciones puras y mixtas no solo en diferentes sitios y mezclas, sino que también para diferentes esquemas de manejo, especialmente en relación con la intensidad y periodicidad de raleos en estos, la cual podría diferir de aquella propuesta por Donoso et al (2015a) para planta-ciones puras. En este sentido, hasta la fecha las diferentes plantaciones mixtas en que se han observado efectos de facilitación o complementariedad que han favorecido el crecimiento de N. alpina o N. obliqua han incluido a N. dombeyi (Donoso et al 2011, Ojeda et al 2020, especie que tiene un crecimiento más rápido que las anteriores y que estaría cumpliendo un rol fundamental en mejorar el crecimiento de las especies componentes de la plantación, al menos de los otros Nothofagus.…”

Section: Resultados Los Individuos Sujetos Evaluados De Cada Especie Deunclassified

“…Oerst. (Donoso et al 2011, 2015a, Ojeda et al 2020. Estas especies del género Nothofagus poseen características que promueven el desarrollo de plantaciones forestales, como sus altas tasas de crecimiento (Donoso y Soto 2010, Donoso et al 2015a, madera de calidad (Hall y Witte 1998) y tasas de rendimiento financiero medianas a altas (Cubbage et al 2007, Donoso et al 2015a.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Así, las plantaciones mixtas muestran mayor estabilidad del rodal, mayor resistencia contra plagas y enfermedades, reducción de la demanda de fertilizantes, aumento de hábitats para especies de vida silvestre, una mejora en la estética del paisaje e inclusive, mayor resistencia y resiliencia a los efectos del cambio climático (Chen y Popadieuk 2002, Pretzsch et al 2012, Messier et al 2021. Estos antecedentes, principalmente, han incentivado la implementación de plantaciones mixtas en general, y en Chile, se ha propuesto como una promisoria oportunidad para las especies nativas del género Nothofagus (Uteau y Donoso 2009, Donoso et al 2011, 2015a, Ojeda et al 2020. Por lo tanto, el hecho de que la diversidad pueda tener un efecto positivo en la productividad sugiere un cambio de paradigma fundamental en la gestión de los recursos naturales y de los bosques, contrastante con el modelo forestal industrial actual, entendiendo que sinergias positivas pueden surgir de las diversas interacciones ecológicas entre los componentes del ecosistema.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Comparación de crecimiento de Nothofagus alpina y Nothofagus obliqua en plantaciones puras y mixta en la depresión intermedia de la Región de Los Ríos, Chile

2023

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In Chile, Nothofagus spp. is the main native tree genus grown in plantations. Data regarding growth in Nothofagus plantations have been reported for about three decades, and generally illustrate their high productive potential, especially if silvicultural management is carried out on time and established in appropriate places. The aim of this study was to measure the increases in diameter and height of N. obliqua and N. alpina in pure plantations and mixed plantations with both species, plus N. dombeyi and three mid-tolerant native species. These plantations are located close to each other, at 50 -100 m a.s.l., each approximately 1 ha in size, both with southern exposure and the same soil type. They were between 24 -26 years old when they were evaluated. In each plantation, dominant individuals were selected, and their neighboring competition (potentially available area, PAA), total height, and DBH were measured. An increment core was obtained from each individual to evaluate the increase in plantations over the last 6 years (PAI). The PAA of the species in each situation was not significantly different, as there was homogeneity in the competition conditions between individuals in the different plantations, which allowed for comparison of the increase between species according to condition. The total height, the DBH, and the PAI for each species were all significantly higher in the mixed plantation compared to the pure plantation, which is interpreted as a result of the combined effects of reducing competition and facilitation, in which the diversity of species plays a key role.

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Section: Resultados Los Individuos Sujetos Evaluados De Cada Especie Deunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Comparación de crecimiento de Nothofagus alpina y Nothofagus obliqua en plantaciones puras y mixta en la depresión intermedia de la Región de Los Ríos, Chile

2023

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“…Mixed-species plantations are an excellent and viable alternative (e.g. Ojeda et al 2020), especially in Chile that has a greater diversity of tree species of different shade tolerances compared with Argentina. However, in Argentina mixed plantations including species with differential drought resistance are also proposed as an alternative for adaptation to climate change (Caselli et al 2019(Caselli et al , 2021.…”

Section: Prospects For Silviculture Of South American Temperate Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silviculture of South American temperate native forests

Donoso

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et al. 2022

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Background: South America has the largest area of temperate forests in the Southern Hemisphere, which grow in diverse site conditions. The aim of this paper is to review the practices of silviculture applied and recommended for these temperate forests, and to discuss prospects to develop new silvicultural proposals to improve sustainability, adaptation and in-situ conservation of forest ecosystems. Methods: We reviewed the silviculture knowledge in four major forest types: 1) The Nothofagus-dominated forests of south-central Chile; 2) the Angiosperm-dominated evergreen forests; 3) the Nothofagus and Austrocedrus chilensis (D.Don) Pic. Serm. & Bizzarri forests in the Argentinean Northern Patagonia; and 4) the Cool temperate Nothofagus forests and Magellanic rainforests. Results: In Chile, both Nothofagus-dominated and Angiosperm-dominated evergreen forests are diverse in tree species, and mixed-species silviculture with commercially valuable species of variable shade tolerance is most promising. Some secondary forests can reach growth rates as high as 20 m3ha-1yr-1. After thinnings, stands with 35–60% of residual densities have shown the best responses in growth. Even-aged silvicultural methods have shown a rapid reorganization and development of new cohorts, although, where Chusquea species are conspicuous, regeneration establishment requires controlling competing vegetation. Preliminary results also show interesting prospects for single-tree selection cuts in uneven-aged forests. East of the Andes, in Argentina, mixed Nothofagus forests and pure and mixed Nothofagus and A. chilensis forests occur. The shelterwood method has been the most practised and successful in the mixed Nothofagus forests, with abundant regeneration, and good growth rates. For A. chilensis forests, an adaptive management approach is proposed, conditioned by the cypress disease attack (e.g., Phytophthora austrocedri). Conversion of pure A. chilensis to mixed A. chilensis–N. dombeyi forests could increase growth considerably. Finally, in the cool temperate Nothofagus forests and Magellanic rainforests, shared by Chile and Argentina, the regular shelterwood cuts have been the most common silvicultural method, with massive regeneration a decade after the regeneration felling. Since the two major Nothofagus species in these forests regenerate well in gaps, uneven-aged silviculture seems also promising. Conclusions: There is abundant knowledge about the silviculture of these forest types. However, there are opportunities for several silvicultural systems to better contribute to sustainable forest management, reverse forest degradation, and cope with climate change challenges, primarily through developing mixed and single-species productive and carbon-rich forests, with greater adaptive capacity.

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