Synergy Effects of Wood Flour and Fire Retardants in Flammability of Wood-plastic Composites

Abstract

Addition of wood flour improve the mechanical properties of thermoplastics, on the other hand it increases the burning speed of the materials. To modify the flammability of wood-plastic composites(WPC), various fire retardants, such as ammonium polysphosphate (APP), melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and aluminum hydroxide were added to WPCs. Burning tests based on UL94 and cone calorimetry were conducted to evaluate a fire performance of WPCs with fire retardants. The addition of fire retardants could lead to self-extinguishing materials when 10 wt% of APP was used. However, in the case of pure polypropylene, addition of 10 wt% of APP did not improve the flammability. Wood flour accelerates the burning behavior of PP, but it can reduce the use of APP to achieve self-extinguishing materials. Synergy effects between wood flour and APP was confirmed. Wood flour facilitates the forming of foamed char layer by APP during the combustion. This protective char surface can reduce the heat and oxygen diffusion toward the WPCs. The effect of fire retardants of mechanical properties of WPCs was also investigated. Tensile strength and modulus of composites decreased with addition of fire retardants.

The Influence of Pumice Dust on Tensile, Stiffness Properties and Flame Retardant of Epoxy/ Wood Flour Composites

“…The V-0 rating represents the best flame retardancy of polymeric materials. Vertical tests are more rigorous than horizontal burning tests since the vertical specimens are burnt by their lower ends (Umemura et al 2004, Huang et al 2010. Therefore, a vertical burning test was conducted to investigate the effect of pumice used as a fire retardant on flammability of WPCs.…”

“…All samples of treated composites showed self extinguish properties, while untreated composites showed continuous burning. Therefore, treated composites is classified as V-0, which is the highest class, with no dripping (Umemura et al 2004). This indicates that flamability properties of pumice dust filled composites has a marginal increase, compared to composites without pumice dust.…”

“…The WPCs are ecofriendly, low cost consuming, biodegradable, renewable and have advantages of good dimensional stability during their lifetime, i.e. lower water uptake, and durability against fungi and insects compared with wood (Umemura et al 2004, Ashori 2008. The consumption of plastic materials has increased enormously due to their various advantages.…”

Non-woven flax fibre reinforced acrylic based polyester composites: The effect of sodium silicate on mechanical, flammability and acoustic properties

“…Several chemical methods, such as alkali treatment, acetylation, permanganate, isocyanate treatment, acrylation, maleated, and silane coupling agents, have been investigated by many researchers [10][11][12][13]. Nevertheless, high flammability is the main drawback that limits the application of flax fibre and other natural fibres in many fields [3,[14][15][16]. Natural fibres are commonly fabricated using hand lay-up, compression moulding, pultrusion, resin transfer moulding and resin impregnation.…”

Efeito da adição de resíduo de borossilicato como aditivo retardante de chama em compósitos de polipropileno e fibra natural

“…A tendência dos resultados encontrados é a mesma para os compósitos com ou sem uso do JT. Esperava-se maior estabilidade térmica e melhores resultados no teste de flamabilidade para os compósitos com as fibras naturais de acordo com os resultados publicados na literatura sobre este temaUMEMURA et al, 2014;DONMEZ CAVDAR;MENGELOLLU;KARAKUS,…”