Synergy Effect during Water Treatment by Electric Discharge and Chlorination

Abstract

Water treatment, such as disinfection, is an integral stage of its use for human life. The use of plasma technology with high-voltage electric discharge in a liquid for obtaining a bactericidal effect is discussed. It has been experimentally shown that among the factors accompanying a high-voltage electric discharge in a liquid and affecting the viability of bacteria, cavitation is the main one. Simultaneous use of electric discharge in the special cavitation mode and oxidizing agents makes it possible to achieve stable disinfection of water. At the same time, bactericidal doses of the oxidizing agent are reduced by a factor of 10 relative to existing standards, and the energy costs for electric discharge exposure, enhanced by small doses of an oxidizing agent, are reduced by 6 times compared to the costs of disinfection by only an electric discharge.

Mechanism and Synergy Effect of the Hybrid Water Disinfection Process Using Electric Discharges Combined with Chlorination

“…In our research paper [22] the decisive influence of volumetric cavitation, which occurs under certain conditions of an electric discharge, on the process of disinfection has been experimentally confirmed. However, an electric discharge, especially in the cavitation mode, has a number of effects that can have a bactericidal effect on microorganisms in different ways and degrees.…”

“…So, the inactivation of microorganisms with a huge number of reactive particles becomes easier. Along with other factors of electrical discharge described below, that is the cavitation made it possible to obtain a synergistic effect and significantly reduce the amount of chemical reagents for disinfection, as shown in Table 2 [22].…”

“…The electrodischarge treatment of polluted water research was carried out in an experimental installation of electric discharges, Figure 1. [22]. The same laboratory installation was the sourse of pulses during the research of acoustic spectrum of electric discharge in cavitation mode.…”

“…The installation described above (Figure 1) allows to alter the duration of leading edge of the current pulse within a wide range by changing the length of the non-insulated end of the electrode (Figure 1, item 6) and inductance of discharge circuit. To study the acoustic spectrum of the underwater electric discharge, the electrode system was placed in the large three-dimensional pool of an acoustic measuring complex, electrical discharges were produced, repeating the effective water disinfection modes from [22]. The underwater sound detector was installed at a distance of 1 m in depth from the axis of the discharge gap of the electrode system.…”

Optimizing Energy Efficiency of Dielectric Materials’ Electrodischarge Dispersion as One Sustainable Development Green Trend

“…The inclusion of energy factors in the system of international assessments is a rapidly growing worldwide trend in the development of the world economy. Increasing the energy efficiency of production processes is closely related to minimizing the impact on the environment and is one of the priorities of the concept of sustainable development [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], energy modeling [9][10][11][12][13], and digital technologies [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The focus of attention in this study was the processes of electric discharge in liquids with respect to modern green trends in the development of science and production, in particular, the search for parameters to optimize the energy efficiency of these processes [12,13,[32][33][34][35][36].…”