Synergy between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis

Abstract

Catalysis plays a decisive role in the advancement of sustainable processes in chemical, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical industries as well as petrochemical, material, and energy technologies. Notably, more than 80% of...

Doped Ruthenium/Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene (HPS) Catalysts in the Modification of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

“…FT-IR spectrum of canola oil (red) and canola FAME (black); Figure S18. 1 H NMR spectrum of canola FAME in CDCl 3 ; Figure S19. Canola FAME GC-MS chromatogram; Table S1.…”

“…Heterogeneous catalysis plays a prominent role due to its great advantages compared to homogeneous ones, because they are usually easy to regenerate and reuse, exhibiting thermal, chemical and structural stability in addition to being low cost. However, some disadvantages must be considered, such as the complexity of active sites, leaching and limited surface-substrate contact [1][2][3].…”

“…Figure 13. 1 H NMR spectrum for oxidized canola FAME product.Figure13 1. H NMR spectrum for oxidized canola FAME product.…”

2D carbon nitride as a support with single Cu, Ag, and Au atoms for carbon dioxide reduction reaction

“…Currently, the research community is trying to combine the properties of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. 8 From the heterogeneous catalyst perspective, research has been focused on creating smaller and dispersed catalyst particles. Single-atom catalysts (SACs), which comprise atoms of metal species dispersed on a solid support, are expected to bridge the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst properties.…”

Room-Temperature CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Air-Stable hcp-PdMo Intermetallic Catalyst

“…Although several success stories of low-temperature methanol synthesis (≤100 °C) over homogeneous catalysts have been reported, − heterogeneous catalysts are preferable for practical applications over homogeneous catalysts, with respect to product separation, catalyst stability, and the complexity of catalyst preparation. , These requirements have led to active research on heterogeneous catalysts for low-temperature methanol synthesis in recent years. − Consequently, heterogeneous catalysts that are active even at room temperature (≤30 °C) have recently begun to be reported. , There is no doubt that CO 2 conversion at room temperature is attractive because it requires no heat source at all; however, the conversion efficiency of these catalysts is extremely low, and therefore much more active catalysts are required for practical use.…”