Synergizing nucleic acid aptamers with 1-dimensional nanostructures as label-free field-effect transistor biosensors

Khung, Yit Lung; Narducci, Dario

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.033

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Forming covalently-attached organic submonolayers on silicon remains one of the challenges in surface science. In order to gain access to the electronic properties of silicon, it is imperative that the organic layer on the top surface be kept thin enough to avoid a masking of the intrinsic properties of silicon, especially in biosensing application [ 1 ]. So far, hydrosilylation is among the most commonly accepted techniques to graft organics onto silicon surfaces [ 2 – 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of stable Si–O–C submonolayers on hydrogen-terminated silicon(111) under low-temperature conditions

Khung¹,

Ngalim²,

Scaccabarozzi³

et al. 2015

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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SummaryIn this letter, we report results of a hydrosilylation carried out on bifunctional molecules by using two different approaches, namely through thermal treatment and photochemical treatment through UV irradiation. Previously, our group also demonstrated that in a mixed alkyne/alcohol solution, surface coupling is biased towards the formation of Si–O–C linkages instead of Si–C linkages, thus indirectly supporting the kinetic model of hydrogen abstraction from the Si–H surface (Khung, Y. L. et al. Chem. – Eur. J. 2014, 20, 15151–15158). To further examine the probability of this kinetic model we compare the results from reactions with bifunctional alkynes carried out under thermal treatment (<130 °C) and under UV irradiation, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurements showed that under thermal conditions, the Si–H surface predominately reacts to form Si–O–C bonds from ethynylbenzyl alcohol solution while the UV photochemical route ensures that the alcohol-based alkyne may also form Si–C bonds, thus producing a monolayer of mixed linkages. The results suggested the importance of surface radicals as well as the type of terminal group as being essential towards directing the nature of surface linkage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of stable Si–O–C submonolayers on hydrogen-terminated silicon(111) under low-temperature conditions

Khung¹,

Ngalim²,

Scaccabarozzi³

et al. 2015

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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“…This alone presents a major challenge in devices demanding stringent precision in the height of monolayers on surfaces, i.e. electronic-based biosensors etc., in order to reduce the problem of Debye screening 5 6 . There is also an issue of silanol bond degradation over time in aqueous conditions 7 that in turn further impedes its use outside the laboratory setup.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and UV Hydrosilylation of Alcohol-Based Bifunctional Alkynes on Si (111) surfaces: How surface radicals influence surface bond formation

Khung

Ngalim

Scaccabarozi

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Using two different hydrosilylation methods, low temperature thermal and UV initiation, silicon (111) hydrogenated surfaces were functionalized in presence of an OH-terminated alkyne, a CF3-terminated alkyne and a mixed equimolar ratio of the two alkynes. XPS studies revealed that in the absence of premeditated surface radical through low temperature hydrosilylation, the surface grafting proceeded to form a Si-O-C linkage via nucleophilic reaction through the OH group of the alkyne. This led to a small increase in surface roughness as well as an increase in hydrophobicity and this effect was attributed to the surficial etching of silicon to form nanosize pores (~1–3 nm) by residual water/oxygen as a result of changes to surface polarity from the grafting. Furthermore in the radical-free thermal environment, a mix in equimolar of these two short alkynes can achieve a high contact angle of ~102°, comparable to long alkyl chains grafting reported in literature although surface roughness was relatively mild (rms = ~1 nm). On the other hand, UV initiation on silicon totally reversed the chemical linkages to predominantly Si-C without further compromising the surface roughness, highlighting the importance of surface radicals determining the reactivity of the silicon surface to the selected alkynes.

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“…Both groups are considered to have independently contributed to the debut of aptamers because they employed a similar process to synthesize the biomolecule (but differently named it: SELEX by Lary Gold and Craig Tuerk, in vitro selection by Ellington and Szostak) [2,3]. Since their inventions, aptamers have received tremendous attention because of their desirable properties: they can be easily synthesized via a reversible SELEX process or a low-cost phosphoramidite; they have stable bioactivities within a wide range of thermal conditions [5][6][7][8]; it is feasible to create them without animal or cell line; there is no limitation to physiological environment of optimal functionality; they are easier to conjugate with chemical and biological molecules; and they have higher thermal stability and minimized immunological effects in comparison to antibodies and their fragments [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, despite possessing several advantageous properties, two primary limitations of aptamers are their high-cost, tediousness, repetitiveness, the length of time consumed using the SELEX technique [14,15], as well as their vulnerability to nucleases, especially the RNA aptamer which poses a threat to ex vivo and in vivo applications.…”

Section: Aptamer Timelinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a receptor, aptamers, in combination with various physical/chemical transducers, have triggered the development of a unique class of biosensors, so-called aptasensors, which possesses the dual function of detecting targets and producing signals from binding events [108]. The emergence of field-effect transistors has led to their integration with aptamers in order to detect a variety of molecules, most of which are macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses [7,110,111].…”

Section: Aptamers As Bio-receptors In Fet Biosensors For Small Molecumentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Future Prospects of Aptamers in Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors

Chen

2020

Molecules

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Aptamers, in sensing technology, are famous for their role as receptors in versatile applications due to their high specificity and selectivity to a wide range of targets including proteins, small molecules, oligonucleotides, metal ions, viruses, and cells. The outburst of field-effect transistors provides a label-free detection and ultra-sensitive technique with significantly improved results in terms of detection of substances. However, their combination in this field is challenged by several factors. Recent advances in the discovery of aptamers and studies of Field-Effect Transistor (FET) aptasensors overcome these limitations and potentially expand the dominance of aptamers in the biosensor market.

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Synergizing nucleic acid aptamers with 1-dimensional nanostructures as label-free field-effect transistor biosensors

Cited by 32 publications

References 149 publications

Formation of stable Si–O–C submonolayers on hydrogen-terminated silicon(111) under low-temperature conditions

Formation of stable Si–O–C submonolayers on hydrogen-terminated silicon(111) under low-temperature conditions

Thermal and UV Hydrosilylation of Alcohol-Based Bifunctional Alkynes on Si (111) surfaces: How surface radicals influence surface bond formation

Predicting Future Prospects of Aptamers in Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors

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