Synergistic Technology Combinations for Future Commercial Aircraft Using Liquid Hydrogen

Rompokos, Pavlos; Rolt, Andrew; Nalianda, Devaiah; Isikveren, Askin T.; Senné, Capucine; Grönstedt, Tomas; Abedi, Hamidreza

doi:10.1115/gt2020-15694

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Blended Wing Body and other novel airframes may offer further spaces for the fuel tanks. The pros and cons of different configurations are further discussed in [16]. Equally significant for safety is the positioning of tanks in relation to other aircraft systems.…”

Section: Safe Lh2 Fuel System and Tank Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic Fuel Storage Modelling and Optimisation for Aircraft Applications

Rompokos

Rolt

Nalianda

et al. 2021

Volume 6: Ceramics and Ceramic Composites; Coal, Biomass, Hydrogen, and Alternative Fuels; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Sm

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Designing commercial aircraft to use liquid hydrogen (LH2) is one way to substantially reduce their life-cycle CO2 emissions. The merits of hydrogen as an aviation fuel have long been recognized, however, the handling of a cryogenic fuel adds complexity to aircraft and engine systems, operations, maintenance and storage. The fuel tanks could account for 8–10% of an aircraft’s operating empty weight, so designing them for the least added weight is of high significance. This paper describes the heat transfer model developed in the EU Horizon 2020 project that is used to predict heat ingress to a cylindrical tank with hemispherical end caps with external foam insulation. It accounts for heat transfer according to the state of the tank contents, the insulation material properties, the environment, and the dimensions of the tank. The model also estimates the rate of pressure change according to the state of the fuel and the rate at which fuel is withdrawn from the tank. In addition, a methodology is presented, that allows for tank sizing taking into consideration the requirements of a design flight mission, the maximum pressure developed, and the fuel evaporated. Finally, the study demonstrates how to select optimal insulation material and thickness to provide the lightest design for the cases where no gaseous hydrogen is extracted, and where some hydrogen gas is extracted during cruise, the latter giving gravimetric efficiencies as high as 74%.

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Section: Safe Lh2 Fuel System and Tank Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic Fuel Storage Modelling and Optimisation for Aircraft Applications

Rompokos

Rolt

Nalianda

et al. 2021

Volume 6: Ceramics and Ceramic Composites; Coal, Biomass, Hydrogen, and Alternative Fuels; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Sm

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“…Green liquid hydrogen (LH 2 ) is one of very few fuel candidates that could enable carbon-neutral medium-and/or longrange commercial aviation [1] and [2]. From a propulsion unit design perspective, the usage of LH 2 adds complexity due to the need for cryogenic storage and poor volumetric energy density, but also offers many opportunities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Pre-Test Evaluation of a Low-Pressure Compressor Test Facility for Cryogenic Hydrogen Fuel Integration

Jonsson

Xisto

Lejon

et al. 2021

Volume 2A: Turbomachinery — Axial Flow Fan and Compressor Aerodynamics

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The use of hydrogen as aviation fuel is again resurfacing with unprecedented vigor. It is well known that hydrogen is a formidable heat sink and the use of heat sinks in the compression system of an aero engine may enable not only preheating of the fuel but also improve the gas turbine cycle itself. One such opportunity arises from extracting heat to the fuel as part of the compression process. This work presents the design process and pre-test evaluation of a low-speed compressor test facility dedicated to aerothermal measurements. The design has been derived from a high-speed transonic compressor developed for a large sized geared turbofan engine. The proposed pre-test evaluation methodology provides a comprehensive and affordable way to estimate facility accuracy by virtually addressing all the experimental procedures, from data acquisition to a final performance map. The evaluation of gathering compressor performance parameters via a gas-path investigation process was achieved while relying on results from numerical simulations. The pre-test evaluation details uncertainties introduced throughout this process with transducers, flow and probe specific errors, traverse discretization, and data normalization. A suitable instrumentation configuration is presented which shows that the performance parameters pressure ratio (Π) and isentropic efficiency (ηc) can be determined with uncertainties below 1% for most operating conditions and below 0.5% at design conditions.

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Enabling Cryogenic Hydrogen-Based CO₂-Free Air Transport: Meeting the demands of zero carbon aviation

Sethi

Sun

Nalianda

et al. 2022

IEEE Electrific. Mag.

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Flightpath 2050 from the European Union (EU) sets ambitious targets for reducing the emissions from civil aviation that contribute to climate change. Relative to aircraft in service in year 2000, new aircraft in 2050 are to reduce CO2 emissions by 75% and NOx emissions by 90% per passenger kilometre flown. While significant improvements in asset management and aircraft and propulsion system efficiency and are foreseen, it is recognised that the Flightpath 2050 targets will not be met with conventional jet fuel. Furthermore, demands are growing for civil aviation to target zero carbon emissions in line with other transportation sectors, rather than relying on offsetting to achieve 'net zero'. A more thorough and rapid greening of the industry is seen to be needed to avoid the potential economic and social damage that would follow from constraining air travel. This requires a paradigm shift in propulsion technologies. Two technologies with potential for radical decarbonisation are hydrogen and electrification. Hydrogen in some form seems an inevitable solution for a fully sustainable aviation future. It may be used directly as a fuel or combined with carbon from DAC (direct air capture of CO2) or other renewable carbon sources,

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Synergistic Technology Combinations for Future Commercial Aircraft Using Liquid Hydrogen

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Cryogenic Fuel Storage Modelling and Optimisation for Aircraft Applications

Cryogenic Fuel Storage Modelling and Optimisation for Aircraft Applications

Design and Pre-Test Evaluation of a Low-Pressure Compressor Test Facility for Cryogenic Hydrogen Fuel Integration

Enabling Cryogenic Hydrogen-Based CO₂-Free Air Transport: Meeting the demands of zero carbon aviation

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Synergistic Technology Combinations for Future Commercial Aircraft Using Liquid Hydrogen

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Cryogenic Fuel Storage Modelling and Optimisation for Aircraft Applications

Cryogenic Fuel Storage Modelling and Optimisation for Aircraft Applications

Design and Pre-Test Evaluation of a Low-Pressure Compressor Test Facility for Cryogenic Hydrogen Fuel Integration

Enabling Cryogenic Hydrogen-Based CO2-Free Air Transport: Meeting the demands of zero carbon aviation

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Product

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Enabling Cryogenic Hydrogen-Based CO₂-Free Air Transport: Meeting the demands of zero carbon aviation