Synergistic interactions between a variety of insecticides and an ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor fungicide in dietary exposures of bumble bees (<scp><i>Bombus terrestris</i></scp> L.)

Raimets, Risto; Karise, Reet; Mänd, Marika; Kaart, Tanel; Ponting, Sally; Song, Jimao; Cresswell, James

doi:10.1002/ps.4756

Cited by 56 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Besides neonicotinoids, flower‐visiting insects are routinely exposed to other insecticides, fungicides and herbicides, of which single and combined effects in field conditions are largely unknown (Botías, David, Hill, & Goulson, ; Tosi, Costa, Vesco, Quaglia, & Guido, ). Though not toxic to pollinators, fungicides may weaken their resistance to pathogens (Pettis et al., ) and cause synergistic mortality with insecticides (Raimets et al., ). Herbicides harm pollinators indirectly by reducing diversity of their food resources (Goulson et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late flowering time enhances insect pollination of turnip rape

Toivonen

Herzon

Rajanen

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Ecology

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1. Ecological intensification has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate the impacts of conventional intensive land use on pollinators and insect pollination. However, research has concentrated on the effects of land management on pollinator abundance and diversity, while studies directly measuring pollination services are still lacking for many crops and regions.2. This study examines the effects of landscape heterogeneity, pesticide use intensity and flowering time on insect pollination of turnip rape Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera, a major oil crop at high latitudes. The field experiment included monitoring pollinator visits on turnip rape flowers and measuring yield in 34 spring-sown turnip rape fields in Southern Finland. The fields were situated in two landscape types that differed in the cover of arable land and represented independent gradients of pesticide use intensity and flowering time. 3. Based on flower visits and number of seeds per silique, turnip rape was best pollinated in fields with late flowering time. The result suggests a temporal mismatch between crop flowering and the availability of pollination service in early sown fields. The increase in flower visits during summer was steeper among fields with low than high pesticide use, possibly due to a faster colony growth of important bee pollinators.4. Pollinator community in turnip rape fields was more diverse in heterogeneous landscapes with less arable land than in homogeneous field-dominated landscapes, suggesting higher stability of pollination services in diverse landscapes. Total yield per plant was positively related to pesticide use intensity. The relation-ship between insect pollination and total yield was weakened by high compensation capacity of turnip rape, the plants producing more flowers under poor pollination.6. Synthesis and applications. Crop pollination can be enhanced by shifting sowing time to better match crop flowering to the peak availability of the most important pollinators. Reduced pesticide use may also enhance pollination services but can lead to the total yield reduction due to pests. This highlights the need for pollinator-friendly pest control methods to maintain turnip rape yields while conserving pollination services. K E Y W O R D S bees, ecological intensification, flower visitation, landscape heterogeneity, pesticide use, pollinators, syrphid flies, turnip rape | 1165 Journal of Applied Ecology TOIVONEN ET al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late flowering time enhances insect pollination of turnip rape

Toivonen

Herzon

Rajanen

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Lundin et al after analyzing 268 publications involving neonicotinoid researches, found that thiamethoxam was the second most studied component with 34%, in 73 studies. Recently, articles evaluating the exhibition of the thiamethoxam on pollinators have been pointed out as sublethal effects on behavior, locomotion, and memory, metabolism and immunity, reproduction, and synergistic effects of additional pesticides with neonicotinoids …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and effects of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam on Scaptotrigona bipunctata lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Moreira

Gigliolli

Falco

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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The neonicotinoid thiamethoxam is widely used in different agricultural crops, and it has a spectrum of action against insects, affecting both pests and pollinators, such as bees. In this study, the effects of exposure to sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam on stingless bees Scaptotrigona bipunctata were evaluated. Foragers bees were exposed to the insecticide and subjected to genetic biochemical, histochemical, and morphological analyses after 24, 48, and 72 h of ingestion. Analysis of isoenzyme esterases revealed significant alterations in the relative activity of EST-4, a type II cholinesterase. Evaluation of the S. bipunctata brain revealed changes in the state of chromatin condensation according to the exposure time and concentration of neonicotinoid compared with the control. Morphological changes were observed in the midgut of this species at all concentrations and exposure times, which may interfere with various physiological processes of these insects. We can conclude that, although thiamethoxam at the concentrations evaluated did not cause high mortality, it induced concentration-dependent changes in bees by activating enzymes related with the protection for xenobiotic, internal morphology and probably these changes may lead to alterations in the activity of bees.

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“…Zhu et al (39) fed honeybees with a commercial formulation of imidacloprid in sucrose solution and noted higher cytochrome P450 activity. According to another study (40), honeybees mainly rely on cytochrome P450 monooxygenases to counter the toxic effects of this imidacloprid formulation, but other authors claim that every active substance is countered by different enzymes, at least in bumblebees (41).…”

Section: Honeybeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-target toxicity of novel insecticides

Mužinić

Želježić

2018

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Humans have used insecticides since ancient times. The spectrum and potency of available insecticidal substances has greatly expanded since the industrial revolution, resulting in widespread use and unforeseen levels of synthetic chemicals in the environment. Concerns about the toxic effects of these new chemicals on non-target species became public soon after their appearance, which eventually led to the restrictions of use. At the same time, new, more environmentally-friendly insecticides have been developed, based on naturally occurring chemicals, such as pyrethroids (derivatives of pyrethrin), neonicotinoids (derivatives of nicotine), and insecticides based on the neem tree vegetable oil (Azadirachta indica), predominantly azadirachtin. Although these new substances are more selective toward pest insects, they can still target other organisms. Neonicotinoids, for example, have been implicated in the decline of the bee population worldwide. This review summarises recent literature published on non-target toxicity of neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, and neem-based insecticidal substances, with a special emphasis on neonicotinoid toxicity in honeybees. We also touch upon the effects of pesticide combinations and documented human exposure to these substances.

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Synergistic interactions between a variety of insecticides and an ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor fungicide in dietary exposures of bumble bees (Bombus terrestris L.)

Cited by 56 publications

References 38 publications

Late flowering time enhances insect pollination of turnip rape

Late flowering time enhances insect pollination of turnip rape

Toxicity and effects of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam on Scaptotrigona bipunctata lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Non-target toxicity of novel insecticides

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