Synergistic interaction between UVB radiation and temperature increases susceptibility to parasitic infection in a fish

Cramp, Rebecca L.; Reid, Stefanie; Seebacher, Frank; Franklin, Craig E.

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0449

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Impacts of stressors including higher temperatures, reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations or water pollution have been largely considered separately but a growing body of literature shows that they may combine in various manners, including additive, antagonistic or synergistic interactions [2,3]. In a multiple stressors context, understanding how distinct pressures interact is critical to predict their consequences on ecosystems and develop efficient management and risk assessment tools [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher temperature exacerbates the impact of sediments on embryo performances in a salmonid

Mari¹,

Garaud²,

Evanno

et al. 2016

Biol. Lett.

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In a warming climate, higher temperatures are likely to modulate positively or negatively the effect of other environmental factors on biota, although such interactions are poorly documented. Here, we explore under controlled conditions the combined effects of two common stressors in freshwater ecosystems, higher temperature and sediment load, on the embryonic development of arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.). In the warm treatment, embryos had a lower survival, a longer incubation period and a smaller body size with a bigger yolk sac volume. Our data show a significant interaction between temperature and sediment load with temperature increasing dramatically the negative effects of sediment load on fitness-related traits. In the climate change context, these findings highlight the importance of taking into account different thermal scenarios when examining the effect of environmental or anthropogenic stressors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher temperature exacerbates the impact of sediments on embryo performances in a salmonid

Mari¹,

Garaud²,

Evanno

et al. 2016

Biol. Lett.

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“…Empirical studies of ecotoxicology and ecological disturbances have examined the nature of interactions in the laboratory [13][14][15] and in the wild [16,17]. Both synergistic [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and antagonistic [23,[26][27][28][29] interactions have been uncovered in a wide range of organisms, environments and systems that range from gene epistasis [30][31][32] to predator-prey interactions [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering emergent interactions in three-way combinations of stressors

Beppler

Tekin

Mao

et al. 2016

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Understanding how multiple stressors interact is needed to predict the dynamical outcomes of diverse biological systems, ranging from drug-resistant pathogens that are combated and treated with combination drug therapies to ecosystems impacted by environmental toxicants or disturbances. Nevertheless, extensive studies of higher-order (more than two component) interactions have been lacking. Here, we conduct experiments using 20 threedrug combinations and their effects on the bacterial growth of Escherichia coli. We report our measurements of growth rates in single, pairwise and tripledrug combinations. To uncover emergent interactions, we derive a simple framework to calculate expectations for three-way interactions based on the measured impact of each individual stressor and of each pairwise interaction. Using our framework, we find that (i) emergent antagonisms are more common than emergent synergies and (ii) emergent antagonisms are more common and emergent synergies are more rare than would be inferred from measures of net effects that do not disentangle pairwise interactions from three-way interactions.

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“…Recent evidence however, suggests that the effects of climate change can act in a synergistic fashion with UVB in fish (Cramp et al 2014) and bacteria alike (Li et al 2014). Despite the extensive literature on the consequences of exposure to UVR and protection mechanisms in other animals and plants, our knowledge about these important issues is limited in reef fish.…”

Section: Significance and Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kiesecker and Blaustein (1995), Long et al (1995) and Bancroft et al (2008)), relatively little is known about synergistic effects in the tropical marine environment (but see Lesser et al (1990) for a study on coral bleaching). On the individual level, the ability of reef fish to withstand UV exposure during development and the impact of UVR on young reef fish should be examined in further detail and under consideration of other stressors (elevated temperature and pH) which could act in synergy with UVR (Cramp et al 2014, Li et al 2014). Cramp (2014) showed that UVR in combination with elevated temperature increases parasitism and therefore risk of disease in freshwater fish.…”

Section: Synergistic Effects Of Uv and Other Environmental Stressors mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the individual level, the ability of reef fish to withstand UV exposure during development and the impact of UVR on young reef fish should be examined in further detail and under consideration of other stressors (elevated temperature and pH) which could act in synergy with UVR (Cramp et al 2014, Li et al 2014). Cramp (2014) showed that UVR in combination with elevated temperature increases parasitism and therefore risk of disease in freshwater fish. Parasites infect reef fish of all life stages at a high rate (Grutter 1996a) and impact local populations (Finley & Forrester 2003) and reduce fitness parameters such as swimming speed (Ostlund-Nilsson et al 2005).…”

Section: Synergistic Effects Of Uv and Other Environmental Stressors mentioning

confidence: 99%

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UV-induced DNA damage in coral reef fish: damage levels and protection mechanisms

Braun¹

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Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the surface of earth has been recognized as a major environmental stressor for marine organisms due to the potential of UVB (280 -315 nm) to induce DNA damage such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) that can lead to cell death. Despite inhabiting a UV-rich environment, the levels of DNA damage in reef fish and factors influencing these levels are unknown. Whether reef fish are able to avoid UVR and repair UV-induced DNA damage is unclear despite the importance of these protection mechanisms in other animals. The presence of UV-absorbing Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (MAAs) in the external mucus of reef fish has been confirmed, however the efficiency of these compounds in preventing CPDs has not been studied. The aim of this PhD was to assess the impact of ambient and elevated levels of UVR on reef fish in terms of UV-induced DNA damage, and to evaluate the protective mechanisms available to fish with and without UV vision.In order to determine the net level of DNA damage in skin samples of 15 species of fish from the reefs surrounding Lizard Island, a CPD-specific antibody was used in an ELISA. Analysis using a boosted regression tree shows that the most important factors governing CPDs were species and size, with higher damage being detected in smaller individuals. Other factors such as family, depth and the presence or absence of UV vision contributed the least to the variation in damage. The length of exposure to natural levels of UVR over the course of a day was found to have no significant influence on net DNA damage levels, which were relatively low in situ, compared to levels that were detected in later experiments using elevated UVR.The first protection mechanism, behavioural avoidance to UVR, was tested using behavioural experiments in which fish with (Pomacentrus amboinensis) and without UV vision (Thalassoma lunare) were given a choice between UV-protected and UV-exposed compartments. Additionally, foraging behaviour of settlement-stage larvae of P. amboinensis was determined under ambient levels of UVR. Automated analysis of video footage using MatLab shows that neither species showed a specific avoidance response to varying levels of UVB. Although P. amboinensis showed a preference for deeper sections of the experimental tanks, fish spent equal amounts of time in exposed and protected compartments. The foraging activity and distance to shelter of P. amboinensis that were exposed to UVR were significantly reduced compared to fish that were observed under light conditions that lacked UVR.Next, the efficiency of natural sunscreens, MAAs, in preventing CPDs was tested in P. amboinensis and T. lunare. The levels of MAAs in the mucus of the two species were either reduced or maintained during captivity before exposure to a short pulse of high UVR.Spectrometric measurements of light transmission through mucus samples collected after irradiation were used to quantify the amount of MAAs available for protection. In both species, DNA damage levels in skin sampl...

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Synergistic interaction between UVB radiation and temperature increases susceptibility to parasitic infection in a fish

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Higher temperature exacerbates the impact of sediments on embryo performances in a salmonid

Higher temperature exacerbates the impact of sediments on embryo performances in a salmonid

Uncovering emergent interactions in three-way combinations of stressors

UV-induced DNA damage in coral reef fish: damage levels and protection mechanisms

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