Synergistic Inhibition of Enamel Demineralization by Peptide 8DSS and Fluoride

Abstract

The biomimetic peptide 8DSS has shown beneficial effects in promoting remineralization of demineralized enamel in vitro. Here we examined the ability of 8DSS alone and in combination with fluoride to inhibit enamel demineralization during pH-cycling mimicking intraoral conditions. Enamel blocks were subjected to 9 days of pH-cycling in the presence of 1,000 ppm NaF (positive control), distilled-deionized water (DDW; negative control), 25 μ<smlcap>M</smlcap> 8DSS alone, 25 μ<smlcap>M</smlcap> 8DSS with 500 ppm NaF (8DSS-FL) or 25 μ<smlcap>M</smlcap> 8DSS with 1,000 ppm NaF (8DSS-FH) twice daily for 1 min each time. The blocks were analyzed in terms of surface microhardness (SMH), fluoride uptake and mineral content. The 8DSS-treated blocks showed significantly lower mineral loss, shallower lesions and higher SMH than the DDW-treated blocks. No significant differences were observed between the blocks treated with 8DSS alone or fluoride alone. The blocks treated with 8DSS alone or DDW showed similar amounts of fluoride uptake, which was the lowest of all the treatment groups. The blocks treated with 8DSS-FL or 8DSS-FH did not differ significantly, and both groups showed significantly greater SMH and fluoride uptake as well as significantly lower mineral loss and shallower lesions than the NaF-treated blocks. Mineral content was significantly higher in the 8DSS-treated blocks than in the DDW-treated blocks from the surface layer (10 µm) to the lesion depth (110 µm), and it was significantly higher in the blocks treated with 8DSS-FL or 8DSS-FH than in the NaF-treated blocks from 10 to 90 µm. These findings illustrate the potential of 8DSS for inhibiting enamel demineralization and for enhancing the anticaries effect of NaF.

State of the Art Enamel Remineralization Systems: The Next Frontier in Caries Management

“…The newly grown mineral had uniform deposition of small apatite crystals with significantly improved properties such as reduced surface roughness, and higher hardness and elastic modulus [Chung et al, 2012;Hsu et al, 2011]. A recent in vitro study also provided strong evidence that the biomimetic 8DSS peptide, besides inhibiting enamel demineralization on its own, could significantly potentiate the ability of fluoride to do the same [Yang et al, 2016]. This synergistic interaction can be useful to lower fluoride concentration for caries prevention in young children reducing their risk of dental fluorosis.…”

Tuftelin‐derived peptide facilitates remineralization of initial enamel caries in vitro

“…Yarbrough et al designed peptides with repeated aspartate‐serine–serine (DSS) sequences derived from dentin phosphoprotein to promote mineral deposition and bind to calcified surfaces (Yarbrough et al, 2010). In a more recent study, our group verified the remineralization ability of 8DSS peptide on incident enamel caries and its inhibitory effect on demineralization in vitro (Yang et al, 2014; Yang et al, 2016). Other biomimetic peptides derived from amelogenin have been investigated to study their effects on enamel formation, including a novel peptide designed by our group that included five repeated tandem amelogenin repeats of Gln‐Pro‐X and a hydrophilic tail (Han et al, 2017; Lv et al, 2015).…”

Evaluation of re-mineralization of initial enamel lesions using Nanohydroxyapatite and Coral Calcium with different concentrations

“…Demineralized enamel shows more porosity than sound enamel, which encouraged more penetration of the gel ion components, also showed larger surface area allowing better subsequent reaction of the enamel mineral (14) , these factors boosted the potential of nanohydroxyapatite to directly fill up the defects and micro-pores of the demineralized enamel (15) , also it allowed the precipitation of calcium from the coral calcium gel on the enamel surface as due to the high concentration of the calcium carbonate present in the coral calcium which leads to deposition of calcium ions by concentration gradient. S B Huang et al demonstrated that 10% nanohydroxyapatite showed a good effect on remineralization as increasing the concentration will lead to deposition of nanohydroxyapatite on the surface layer which would probably block the surface pores and restrict the diffusion into the lesion over short term of remineralization (16) .…”