Synergistic gene regulation by thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid in the hippocampus

Espina, Jose Ezekiel C.; Bagamasbad, Pia

doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2021.11.001

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 220 publications

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“…Glucocorticoids and thyroid hormone signaling in target tissues are regulated by an intricate crosstalk, where the outcome depends on the concentration and activity of each hormone [ 44 ]. Some activities are synergistically activated, whilst others are mutually excluding [ 45 , 46 ]. This is the case of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, where mitochondrial dynamics and activity is increased by T 3 but impaired by continuous corticosterone exposure [ 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) Seeds Intake Increases Energy Expenditure and Reduces Fat Mass in Mice by Modulating Neural Circuits That Regulate Adipose Tissue Lipolysis and Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism in Liver and Skeletal Muscle

Delgadillo-Puga

Torre-Villalvazo

Cariño-Cervantes

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Cardamom seed (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton; EC) is consumed in several countries worldwide and is considered a nutraceutical spice since it exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic activities. In obese individuals, EC intake also favors weight loss. However, the mechanism for these effects has not been studied. Here, we identified that EC modulates the neuroendocrine axis that regulates food intake, body weight, mitochondrial activity, and energy expenditure in mice. We fed C57BL/6 mice with diets containing 3%, 6%, or 12% EC or a control diet for 14 weeks. Mice fed the EC-containing diets gained less weight than control, despite slightly higher food intake. The lower final weight of EC-fed mice was due to lesser fat content but increased lean mass than control. EC intake increased lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue, and reduced adipocyte size in subcutaneous, visceral, and brown adipose tissues. EC intake also prevented lipid droplet accumulation and increased mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle and liver. Accordingly, fasting and postprandial oxygen consumption, as well as fasting fat oxidation and postprandial glucose utilization were higher in mice fed with EC than in control. EC intake reduced proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA content in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, without an impact on neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA. These neuropeptides control food intake but also influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) mRNA expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and circulating triiodothyronine (T3) were lower in EC-fed mice than in control. This effect was linked with decreased circulating corticosterone and weight of adrenal glands. Our results indicate that EC modulates appetite, increases lipolysis in adipose tissue and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle, leading to increased energy expenditure and lower body fat mass. These metabolic effects were ascribable to the modulation of the HPT and HPA axes. LC-MS profiling of EC found 11 phenolic compounds among which protocatechuic acid (23.8%), caffeic acid (21.06%) and syringic acid (29.25%) were the most abundant, while GC-MS profiling showed 16 terpenoids among which costunolide (68.11%), ambrial (5.3%) and cis-α-terpineol (7.99%) were identified. Extrapolation of mice-to-human EC intake was performed using the body surface area normalization equation which gave a conversion equivalent daily human intake dose of 76.9–308.4 mg bioactives for an adult of 60 kg that can be obtained from 14.5–58.3 g of cardamom seeds (18.5–74.2 g cardamom pods). These results support further exploration of EC as a coadjuvant in clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) Seeds Intake Increases Energy Expenditure and Reduces Fat Mass in Mice by Modulating Neural Circuits That Regulate Adipose Tissue Lipolysis and Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism in Liver and Skeletal Muscle

Delgadillo-Puga

Torre-Villalvazo

Cariño-Cervantes

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Lack of glucocorticoids during development can cause death at birth while excessive fetal exposure to glucocorticoids (from exogenous replacements or endogenous stress) can cause debilitating metabolic and neurological disorders later in adulthood ( 3 – 5 ). Glucocorticoids affect development directly and also indirectly by interacting with other hormones necessary for normal fetal development, such as thyroid hormone, insulin, and leptin ( 6 – 8 ). Although the indispensable role of glucocorticoids in vertebrate development has been known for decades, the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue-specific signaling pathways during direct and indirect actions of glucocorticoids on development are not well understood in vertebrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for normal fetal development, such as thyroid hormone, insulin, and leptin (6)(7)(8). Although the indispensable role of glucocorticoids in vertebrate development has been known for decades, the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue-specific signaling pathways during direct and indirect actions of glucocorticoids on development are not well understood in vertebrates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of a novel corticosterone response gene in Xenopus tropicalis tadpole tails

Paul

Dockery²,

Valverde³

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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Corticosteroids are critical for development and for mediating stress responses across diverse vertebrate taxa. Study of frog metamorphosis has made significant breakthroughs in our understanding of corticosteroid signaling during development in non-mammalian vertebrate species. However, lack of adequate corticosterone (CORT) response genes in tadpoles make identification and quantification of CORT responses challenging. Here, we characterized a CORT-response gene frzb (frizzled related protein) previously identified in Xenopus tropicalis tadpole tail skin by an RNA-seq study. We validated the RNA-seq results that CORT and not thyroid hormone induces frzb in the tails using quantitative PCR. Further, maximum frzb expression was achieved by 100-250 nM CORT within 12-24 hours. frzb is not significantly induced in the liver and brain in response to 100 nM CORT. We also found no change in frzb expression across natural metamorphosis when endogenous CORT levels peak. Surprisingly, frzb is only induced by CORT in X. tropicalis tails and not in Xenopus laevis tails. The exact downstream function of increased frzb expression in tails in response to CORT is not known, but the specificity of hormone response and its high mRNA expression levels in the tail render frzb a useful marker of exogenous CORT-response independent of thyroid hormone for exogenous hormone treatments and in-vivo endocrine disruption studies.

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Synergistic gene regulation by thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid in the hippocampus

Cited by 2 publications

References 220 publications

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) Seeds Intake Increases Energy Expenditure and Reduces Fat Mass in Mice by Modulating Neural Circuits That Regulate Adipose Tissue Lipolysis and Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism in Liver and Skeletal Muscle

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) Seeds Intake Increases Energy Expenditure and Reduces Fat Mass in Mice by Modulating Neural Circuits That Regulate Adipose Tissue Lipolysis and Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism in Liver and Skeletal Muscle

Characterization of a novel corticosterone response gene in Xenopus tropicalis tadpole tails

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